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双语｜“将门虎子”麦凯恩去世，从战俘到总统候选人的传奇一生终谢幕！

John McCain

War Hero

Senator

Presidential Contender

Dies at 81

John S. McCain, the proud naval aviator who climbed from depths of despair as a prisoner of war in Vietnam to pinnacles of power as a Republican congressman and senator from Arizona and a two-time contender for the presidency, died on Saturday at his home in Arizona. He was 81.

自豪的海军飞行员、从人生谷底的一名越南战俘擢升为亚利桑那州共和党联邦众议员和参议员并两度竞选总统的约翰·麦凯恩，周六在亚利桑那州家中去世，享年81岁。

According to a statement from his office, Mr. McCain died at 4:28 p.m. local time. He had suffered from a malignant brain tumor, called a glioblastoma, for which he had been treated periodically with radiation and chemotherapy since its discovery in 2017.

他的办公室发布声明说，麦凯恩先生当地时间下午4点28分去世。他患有一种被称为“恶性胶质瘤”的恶性脑瘤，2017年发现以来，定期采用放疗和化疗方法治疗。

Despite his grave condition, he soon made a dramatic appearance in the Senate to cast a thumbs-down vote against his party’s drive to repeal the Affordable Care Act. But while he was unable to be in the Senate for a vote on the Republican tax bill in December, his endorsement was crucial, though not decisive, in the Trump administration’s lone legislative triumph of the year.

尽管健康情况恶化，他很快戏剧性地出现在参议院，投票反对本党取消《奥巴马医保》法案的动议。12月，尽管他无法现身参议院投票支持共和党减税法案，但他的支持对特朗普政府当年的立法胜局至关重要，即便并非决定性的。

A son and grandson of four-star admirals who were his larger-than-life heroes, Mr. McCain carried his renowned name into battle and into political fights for more than a half-century. It was an odyssey driven by raw ambition, the conservative instincts of a shrewd military man, a rebelliousness evident since childhood and a temper that sometimes bordered on explosiveness.

他的祖父和父亲都是四星上将，他们是麦凯恩心中的传奇，半个世纪中，麦凯恩将大名鼎鼎的家族姓氏带上战场，带入政坛的厮杀。驱使他漫漫求索是赤裸裸的野心、精明军人的保守主义本能、儿时就显而易见的叛逆和有时几乎接近要爆炸的脾气。

Nowhere were those traits more manifest than in Vietnam, where he was stripped of all but his character. He boiled over in foul curses at his captors. Because his father was the commander of all American forces in the Pacific during most of his five and a half years of captivity, Mr. McCain, a Navy lieutenant commander, became the most famous prisoner of the war, a victim of horrendous torture and a tool of enemy propagandists.

这些秉性在越南体现得淋漓尽致，他被剥夺了一切，除了他的性格。他破口大骂将他抓获的敌人。被囚五年半期间，他的父亲是太平洋美军总司令，海军少校麦凯恩先生成为最著名的战犯，他遭受了骇人的虐待，成为了地方宣传的工具。

Shot down over Hanoi, suffering broken arms and a shattered leg, he was subjected to solitary confinement for two years and beaten frequently. Often he was suspended by ropes lashing his arms behind him. He attempted suicide twice. His weight fell to 105 pounds. He rejected early release to keep his honor and to avoid an enemy propaganda coup or risk demoralizing his fellow prisoners.

他在河内中枪，双臂骨折，一条腿被炸烂，被幽禁2年，多次被打。他经常被反捆着吊起来。他两次尝试自杀。他的体重降到105磅。为保名誉，他拒绝被提前释放，拒绝为敌人做宣传或是削弱狱友的斗志。

He finally cracked under torture and signed a “confession.” No one believed it, although he felt the burden of betraying his country. To millions of Americans, Mr. McCain was the embodiment of courage: a war hero who came home on crutches, psychologically scarred and broken in body, but not in spirit. He underwent long medical treatments and rehabilitation, but was left permanently disabled, unable to raise his arms over his head. Someone had to comb his hair.

他最终在酷刑下崩溃，签下了“认罪书”。虽然没人相信那种认罪，可他还是感觉到背叛祖国的重压。对百上千万美国人而言，麦凯恩先生是勇气的化身：拄着双拐回到祖国的战争英雄，他身心受创，但精神依然。他接受了长期的治疗和康复，但终身残疾，双手举不过头，必须别人帮他梳头。

His mother, Roberta McCain inspired his political career. After retiring from the Navy and settling in Arizona, he won two terms in the House of Representatives, from 1983 to 1987, and six in the Senate. He was a Reagan Republican to start with, but later moved right or left, a maverick who defied his party’s leaders and compromised with Democrats.

他的母亲罗伯塔·麦凯恩鼓励他从政。从海军退休定居在亚利桑那州后，他在1983年到1987年间两度连任众议员，并6度连任参议员。他一开始是支持里根的共和党人，后来或左或右，反对本党领导人，与民主党人达成妥协，不走寻常路。

He lost the 2000 Republican presidential nomination to George W. Bush, who won the White House.

他2000年在共和党总统提名竞选中败给小布什，后者最终入主白宫。

In 2008, against the backdrop of a growing financial crisis, Mr. McCain made the most daring move of his political career, seeking the presidency against the first major-party African-American nominee, Barack Obama. With national name recognition, a record for campaign finance reform and a reputation for candor — his campaign bus was called the Straight Talk Express — Mr. McCain won a series of primary elections and captured the Republican nomination.

2008年，在金融危机日益严重的背景下，麦凯恩先生做出他政治生涯中最大胆的举动，与第一个主要政党的非裔美国总统提名人贝拉克·奥巴马对阵竞选总统。他在美国家喻户晓，进行了大选筹款改革并以真诚著称，他的竞选大巴被称为“直言特快”，麦凯恩先生拿下初选，成为共和党提名人。

But his selection of Gov. Sarah Palin of Alaska as his running mate, although meant to be seen as a bold, unconventional move in keeping with his maverick’s reputation, proved a severe handicap. She was the second female major-party nominee for vice president (and the first Republican), but voters worried about her qualifications to serve as president, and about Mr. McCain’s age — he would be 72, the oldest person ever to take the White House.

但他选择阿拉斯加州长萨拉·佩琳作为竞选搭档成了严重失误，尽管本意是做出大胆、非传统的举动，保持他刺头的声誉。她是主要政党第二个女性副总统提名人（第一个共和党女性副总统提名人），但选民担心她是否具有担任总统的资质，毕竟麦凯恩先生已经72岁了，如果进入白宫，将是最年迈的总统。

In a 2018 memoir, “The Restless Wave: Good Times, Just Causes, Great Fights and Other Appreciations,” he defended Ms. Palin’s campaign performance, but expressed regret that he had not instead chosen Senator Joseph I. Lieberman, a Democrat-turned-independent.

2008年的回忆录《The Restless Wave》一书中，麦凯恩力挺佩林的竞选表现，但后悔自己没有选择曾经是民主党的独立人士参议员约瑟夫·利伯曼。

At some McCain rallies, vitriolic crowds disparaged black people and Muslims, and when a woman said she did not trust Mr. Obama because “he’s an Arab,” Mr. McCain, in one of the most lauded moments of his campaign, replied: “No, ma’am. He’s a decent family man, a citizen that I just happen to have disagreements with on fundamental issues.”

在麦凯恩的某些集会上，刻薄的群众诋毁黑人和穆斯林，当一名妇女说他不信任奥巴马，因为“他是个阿拉伯人”时，麦凯恩先生回答：“不，女士，他是一个体面、顾家的男人，是一名公民，只是恰好在一些核心问题上，我和他意见不同。”这被当做大选期间最为人称道时刻之一。

Analysts later said that Mr. Obama had engineered a nearly perfect campaign. And Mr. McCain confronted a hostile political environment for Republicans, who were dragged down by President George W. Bush’s dismal approval ratings amid the economic crisis and an unpopular war in Iraq.

后来分析人士说，奥巴马先生的选战堪称完美。麦凯恩先生面对着不利于共和党人的政治环境：小布什总统糟糕的支持率、经济危机和在伊拉克不得人心的战争拖了后腿。

On Election Day, Mr. McCain lost most of the battleground states and some that were traditionally Republican. Mr. Obama won with 53 percent of the popular vote to Mr. McCain’s 46 percent, and 365 Electoral College votes to Mr. McCain’s 173.

大选日当天，麦凯恩在输掉了多数关键州，有些州一直是共和党的地盘。奥巴马先生获得53%的普选票，麦凯恩先生获得46%，奥巴马先生的选举团票是365张，麦凯恩先生171张。

“Few of us have been tested the way John once was, or required to show the kind of courage that he did,” Mr. Obama said Saturday. “But all of us can aspire to the courage to put the greater good above our own. At John’s best, he showed us what that means.”

“我们很少有人经历过约翰那样的考验，或有机会表现出他那种勇气，”奥巴马周六说。“但我们所有人都渴望那种勇气，舍小家为大家。约翰最可贵之处在于，他向我们展示了那意味着什么。”

Returning to his Senate duties, the resilient Mr. McCain moved to the right politically to fend off a Tea Party challenge to his 2010 re-election. He voted against the Affordable Care Act, Mr. Obama’s signature health care plan, which became law in 2010. He endorsed Mitt Romney’s losing Republican bid for the presidency in 2012.

回到参议院，顽强的麦凯恩先生在政治上开始右倾，旨在抵挡茶党对他2010年再次当选参议员的挑战。他投票反对奥巴马医保法案，该法案2010年通过。他支持米特·罗姆尼2012年竞选总统，但罗姆尼最终失利。

But while he was a persistent and outspoken critic of the Obama administration, Mr. McCain had by 2013 become a pivotal figure in the Senate, meeting with Mr. Obama and occasionally fashioning deals with him. He joined a bipartisan group of senators, known as the Gang of Eight, that sought compromises on comprehensive immigration reform.

然而，长期直言不讳地批评奥巴马政府的麦凯恩先生到2013年已经成为参议院的核心人物，他与奥巴马先生会面，有时还和他达成交易。他加入参议员两党集团“八人帮”，寻求在彻底移民改革问题上达成妥协。

“When Mr. McCain is with the president — on immigration and in brokering the recent deal to secure Senate approval of stalled Obama nominees — they can usually trump the political right,” The New York Times said in a 2013 news analysis.

“当麦凯恩和总统站在一起时——在移民问题上，他斡旋参议院通过被搁浅的奥巴马提名人——他们通常能战胜右翼，”《纽约时报》2013年一篇新闻分析说。

“When he is against him — sabotaging Mr. Obama’s plan last year to nominate Susan E. Rice as secretary of state — the White House rarely prevails.”

“当麦凯恩反对奥巴马——去年破坏奥巴马提名苏珊·赖斯担任国务卿——白宫就很难取胜了。”

As Congress reconvened in January 2015 with Republicans in control of the Senate, Mr. McCain achieved his longtime goal to become chairman of the Armed Services Committee, with the power to advance his national security and fiscal objectives under a $600 billion military policy bill. He considered the post second only to occupying the White House as commander in chief.

国会2015年重开时，共和党控制了参议院，麦凯恩先生实现了他长期的目标，成为军事委员会主席，该委员会有权推动6000亿军事政策法案下的国防和财政目标。他认为这一职位权力仅次于白宫里的三军总司令。

With the rise of Donald J. Trump, the Republican flame thrower who steered American politics sharply to the right after his election in 2016 as the nation’s 45th president, Mr. McCain was one of the few powerful Republican voices in Congress to push back against Mr. Trump’s often harsh, provocative statements and Twitter posts and his tide of changes.

2016年大选后成为美国第45任总统的唐纳德·特朗普崛起后，这位喷着火的共和党人将美国政治急剧推向右翼，麦凯恩先生是国会中为数不多的共和党声音，有力反对特朗普先生刺耳和挑战性的言论、推文以及变革潮流。

In his end-of-life memoir, Mr. McCain scorned Mr. Trump’s seeming admiration for autocrats and disdain for refugees. “He seems uninterested in the moral character of world leaders and their regimes,” he wrote of the president. “The appearance of toughness or a reality show facsimile of toughness seems to matter more than any of our values. Flattery secures his friendship, criticism his enmity.”

在生命晚期撰写的回忆录中，麦凯恩先生嘲笑了特朗普先生看起来对独裁者的仰慕和对难民的鄙视。“他貌似对世界领导人和其政体的道德水平不感兴趣，”他这样形容总统。“表面强硬或真人秀模仿出来的强硬貌似比我们的价值更重要。溜须拍马者得宠，直言不讳者遭贬。”

Long before Mr. Trump was criticized as setting new lows for public discourse, Mr. McCain himself had used coarse language and blunt insults, although they were far less assertive, and he often used them in jest. He called Secretary of State John Kerry, a Democrat, “a human wrecking ball,” and the right-wing Republican Senators Ted Cruz of Texas and Rand Paul of Kentucky “wacko birds.”

早在特朗普先生被批判创造了公共话语水平的新低前，麦凯恩先生本人也曾出言不逊，尽管没那么武断，他常常用开玩笑地方式表达。他说国务卿、民主党人约翰·克里是“人类破拆球”，他说右翼得克萨斯共和党参议员泰德·克鲁兹和肯塔基参议员兰德·保尔是“笨鸟”。

Personal animus between Mr. McCain and Mr. Trump arose in the Republican presidential primaries in 2016. After months of boasts by Trump about his wealth, celebrity and deal-making as qualifications for the White House, and his dismissive dismissive characterizations of climate change as “a hoax” and the Iraq war as “a mistake,” Mr. McCain and Mr. Romney, with standing as the previous two Republican presidential nominees, denounced Mr. Trump as unfit for the presidency.

麦凯恩先生和特朗普先生个人之见的嫌隙开始于2016年总统初选。特朗普几个月来吹嘘自己有钱、有名、有手段，认为这些是做总统的资质，他将气候变化贬斥为“骗局”，将伊拉克战争说成“错误”，前两个共和党总统竞选人麦凯恩先生和罗姆尼先生谴责特朗普先生不适合担任总统。

Saying Mr. Trump had neither the temperament nor the judgment for the White House, Mr. McCain and Mr. Romney called him ignorant on foreign policy and said he had made “dangerous” statements on national security. They warned that his election might imperil the United States and its democratic systems.

麦凯恩先生和罗姆尼先生说特朗普先生秉性和智商都不适合在白宫干，认为他对外交一无所知，表示他对国家安全发表“危险”言论。他们警告说，他当选可能祸害美国及其民主体制。

In a venomous response, Mr. Trump denigrated Mr. Romney as a “failed candidate” and “a loser” beaten by Mr. Obama. He had little to say about Mr. McCain. But months earlier, Mr. Trump, who had never served in the military (or held public office) had derided Mr. McCain as a bogus war hero and made light of his years of captivity and torture.

特朗普先生恶言相对，贬低罗姆尼先生为“失败的候选人”和被奥巴马先生击败的“失败者”，他没怎么提到麦凯恩先生。但几个月前，从没服过兵役（或担任公职）的特朗普先生嘲笑麦凯恩先生是假战斗英雄，贬低他被囚受虐的岁月。

“He’s a war hero because he was captured,” Mr. Trump said. “I like people who weren’t captured.”

“他是战斗英雄，因为他被抓了，”特朗普说。“我喜欢那些没被抓的人。”

Mr. McCain held his fire. But the nation was shocked. An avalanche of denunciations tumbled from editorial boards and political leaders, but the outrage faded into the tapestry of Mr. Trump’s provocations against Mexicans, Muslims, women and black and Hispanic people. Trump supporters, who were mostly white, said his biases showed a refreshing willingness to disregard political correctness.

麦凯恩先生忍住没发火，但国家震惊了。社评和政治领导人批评如潮，但怒火渐渐平息下来，因为特朗普先生开始挑衅墨西哥人、穆斯林、女人、黑人和拉美裔。特朗普的支持者主要是白人，他们认为他的偏见反映出无视政治正确的意愿。

On Saturday night, Mr. Trump expressed his sympathies and respect for Mr. McCain’s family, but refrained from commenting on the senator himself.

周六晚间，特朗普先生对麦凯恩先生的家人表示同情和敬意，但没有对参议员本人做出评价。

A No-Show in Cleveland

As the Trump juggernaut rolled on, Mr. McCain, campaigning for re-election to his sixth six-year term, did not attend the Republican National Convention in Cleveland, but said he would support his party’s nominee. (Mr. McCain withdrew that support months later after a recording surfaced exposing lewd comments about women by Mr. Trump, who bragged that his celebrity allowed him to grope them.)

尽管中的特朗普不断胡作非为，谋求第六次任六年参议员的麦凯恩先生没有参加克利夫兰的共和党全国大会，但他表示他会支持本党提名人。（数月后麦凯恩先生撤回支持，因为一段音频曝光了特朗普先生对女人的下流言论，吹嘘自己的名誉可以让他摸她们。）

Days after the Democrats nominated Hillary Clinton as the first major-party female candidate for the presidency, Mr. McCain rebuked Mr. Trump for his comments about the family of a Muslim Army captain killed by a suicide bomber as he tried to save fellow American troops in Iraq in 2004.

民主党人提名希拉里·克林顿成为主要党派第一个女性总统候选人数天后，麦凯恩先生指责特朗普对一名穆斯林陆军上尉家人的言论，这名军人2004年在伊拉克为了救美国战友被自杀性炸弹炸死。

Given the podium at the Democratic convention, Khizr Khan, the father of the captain, Humayun Khan, had denounced Mr. Trump for suggesting that Muslims harbored terrorist sympathies. With his wife, Ghazala, at his side, the father held up a pocket-size copy of the Constitution and asked if Mr. Trump had read it.

在民主党大会讲坛上，上尉胡马雍·汗的父亲希兹里·汗谴责特朗普先生认为穆斯林同情恐怖主义。和妻子加扎拉站在一起，这名父亲手持一本美国宪法口袋书，问特朗普先生是否读过。

In response, Mr. Trump belittled the parents, saying the soldier’s father had delivered the speech because his wife had not been “allowed” to speak. His implication, that Mrs. Khan had not spoken because of female subservience in some strains of Islam, drew widespread condemnation, led on Capitol Hill by Senator McCain.

特朗普轻视这对父母，表示士兵的父亲发表演讲，原因是妻子“不允许”讲话。他的意思是汗女士没有说话，原因是某些伊斯兰教派中的女性低人一等，这招致国会山在参议员麦凯恩的领导下给予广泛的谴责。

“While our party has bestowed upon him the nomination, it is not accompanied by unfettered license to defame those who are the best among us,” Mr. McCain said. “I challenge the nominee to set the example for what our country can and should represent.”

“我党赐予了他提名人资格，这并不意味着一种无拘无束的许可，任由他诋毁那些最优秀的人民，”麦凯恩说。“我对提名人提出挑战，为我们国家能够以及应该体现的价值树立典范。”

Soon after Mr. McCain’s statement, other Republican senators offered their own condemnations. In ensuing days, as outrage over the Trump remarks spread, Mr. Trump told his Twitter followers that Mr. Khan had “no right” to “viciously” attack him.

麦凯恩发表声明后不久，其他共和党参议员也表达了各自的谴责。接下来几天，对特朗普的怒火蔓延开来，特朗普对推特关注者说，汗先生“没有权力”“恶毒”攻击他。

Seemingly impervious to criticism of any kind, Mr. Trump, who had easily won nomination, turned his guns on Mrs. Clinton. After a bruising campaign laden with Trump falsehoods and scurrilous innuendo, he defeated her in the general election, losing the popular vote by nearly three million but winning in the Electoral College. After the election, Mr. McCain, determined to let the new administration take shape, said he would temporarily not discuss Mr. Trump publicly.

特朗普先生看起来对任何批评都无动于衷，他轻松赢得提名，把枪口指向克林顿夫人。在一场充满了特朗普的谎言和下流影射的激烈选战后，他击败了希拉里赢得大选，虽然输了近300万张普选票，但赢得了更多选举团票。大选后，决心让新政府成型的麦凯恩先生表示，他暂时不公开讨论特朗普先生。

But weeks after President Trump moved into the White House and began blindsiding the public and sometimes the government with executive orders and mixed messages on immigration, foreign policy and other issues, Mr. McCain, himself newly re-elected, let loose.

但入主白宫几周后，特朗普开始用行政令和对移民、外交等事务前后不一的信息出其不意地打击公众，本人也刚刚再次当选参议员的麦凯恩先生忍不住了。

At a security conference in Munich, he delivered a forceful critique of Mr. Trump’s “America First” program before a receptive audience of allied officials and foreign policy experts dismayed at the administration’s drift from seven decades of Western alliances.

在慕尼黑一场安全会议上，他在盟国官员和外交政策专家前强烈批评特朗普“美国优先”政策，招待会上的人对政府远离了七十年的西方盟友感到失望。

“Make no mistake, my friends, these are dangerous times,” Mr. McCain said. “But you should not count America out, and we should not count each other out.”

“没错，我的朋友，现在是危险的时刻，”麦凯恩说。“但你们不能忘了美国，我们彼此都不能忘记。”

As for Mr. Trump’s claim that his White House was operating like a “fine-tuned machine,” Mr. McCain said, “In many respects, this administration is in disarray.”

至于特朗普先生说，白宫就像“调控精确的机器”，麦凯恩先生的回应是，“在很多方面，本届政府一团糟。”

Appearing on the NBC News program “Meet the Press” a day later, Mr. McCain punctured Mr. Trump’s contention that the news media was “the enemy of the American people.”

一天后在NBC新闻节目《会见媒体》上，麦凯恩先生批判特朗普先生的观点，特朗普认为新闻媒体是“美国人民的敌人”。

“The first thing that dictators do is shut down the press,” Mr. McCain, a strong defender of the First Amendment, told his national television audience. While not expressly calling the president a dictator, he said, “We need to learn the lessons of history.”

“独裁者做的第一件事就是关闭媒体，”宪法第一修正案的坚定捍卫者麦凯恩先生对全国的电视观众说。他没有直指总统是独裁者，他说“我们需要汲取历史教训”。

For a senator who had long backed free trade, NATO and assertive foreign policies, and who had harbored suspicions about Russian intentions, Mr. McCain’s differences with Mr. Trump ran deep. He denounced Russia for “interfering” in the presidential election and called for a select Senate committee to investigate the Kremlin’s cyberactivities.

对于长期以来支持自由贸易、北约和强硬外交政策并对俄国意图表示怀疑的参议员，麦凯恩先生与特朗普先生差别很大。他谴责俄国“干预”总统大选，要求组成参议院特别委员会调查克里姆林宫的网络行为。

His disapproval of Mr. Trump perhaps peaked in July, after the president and President Vladimir V. Putin of Russia met privately in Helsinki, Finland, and then participated in an extraordinary joint news conference there. Responding to Mr. Trump’s performance, in which the president spoke favorably of his Russian counterpart and questioned American intelligence findings that the Russians had interfered in the 2016 presidential election, Mr. McCain declared, “No prior president has ever abased himself more abjectly before a tyrant.”

他对特朗普先生的不满在7月达到顶点，此前总统和俄国总统弗拉基米尔·普京在芬兰赫尔辛基私下会晤，然后又参加了不同寻常的联合新闻发布会。美国总统说了俄国总统的好话，并质疑美国情报机构的结论，即俄国干涉了2016年总统大选，谈到特朗普的表现时，麦凯恩先生宣布，“此前没有总统曾在暴君面前如此低三下四”。

Weeks later, in signing a $716 billion military spending bill named in Mr. McCain’s honor, Mr. Trump did not mention the senator by name in what was widely interpreted as a deliberate snub.

数周后，签署以麦凯恩先生名字命名的价值7160亿美元的军事支出法案时，特朗普先生没有提到这位参议员的名字，人们都认为这是故意冷落。

Although Mr. McCain was sharply critical of Mr. Trump, especially when he thought the new president had threatened to overstep domestic or national interests, he remained broadly supportive of the administration’s agenda.

尽管麦凯恩先生激烈批判特朗普先生，尤其他认为新总统曾威胁要侵害本国或民族利益，他依然大体上支持本届政府的议程。

After an acrimonious yearlong fight over replacing the late Justice Antonin Scalia on the Supreme Court, Mr. McCain joined the Senate’s 54-to-45 majority to confirm Mr. Trump’s selection of Neil Gorsuch as an associate justice. Justice Gorsuch’s installation tipped the court’s balance in favor of a conservative majority that seemed destined to last for years.

经过为时一年关于谁来替换已故最高法院大法官安东宁·斯卡利亚的激烈斗争，麦凯恩先生加入参议院54比45投票结果中的多数一方，确认了特朗普提名尼尔·葛萨奇为副大法官。葛萨奇就任打破了最高法院的平衡，有利于保守派形成多数，看起来这将维持多年。

Mr. McCain voted for all but two of Mr. Trump’s 15 cabinet selections and eight other administration posts requiring Senate confirmation. But he also chastised Mr. Trump for comments equating Russian and American interests. “That moral equivalency is a contradiction of everything the United States has ever stood for in the 20th and 21st centuries,” he said.

麦凯恩先生投票赞成了特朗普先生15个内阁成员提名中的13个以及其他8个需要参议员确认的政府职位，但他也谴责特朗普先生把俄国利益和美国利益划等号的说法。“这种道德等同于美国在20世纪和21世纪代表的一切都相互矛盾。”

During a Senate Intelligence Committee hearing taking testimony from James B. Comey, the former F.B.I. director who was fired by Mr. Trump, Mr. McCain posed confusing questions, seeming to conflate the 2016 investigation of Mrs. Clinton’s use of a private email server as secretary of state with the 2017 investigation of Russian interference in the American election. He later issued a clarification.

被特朗普炒鱿鱼的前联调局局长詹姆斯·科米在参议院情报委员会听证会上作证过程中，麦凯恩先生提出令人困惑的问题，貌似合并了2016年对时任国务卿的克林顿夫人使用私人邮箱服务器的调查与2017年对俄国干涉美国大选的调查。他后来做了澄清。

“What I was trying to get at was whether Mr. Comey believes that any of his interactions with the president rise to the level of obstruction of justice,” he said. “In the case of Secretary Clinton’s emails, Mr. Comey was willing to step beyond his role as an investigator and state his belief about what ‘no reasonable prosecutor’ would conclude about the evidence. I wanted Mr. Comey to apply the same approach to the key question surrounding his interactions with President Trump — whether or not the president’s conduct constitutes obstruction of justice.”

“我想弄清楚的是，科米先生是否认为他和总统的任何接触达到妨害司法的程度，”他说。“在克林顿国务卿邮件一案中，科米先生愿意超出调查者角色，表明他自己的结论，而没有一个‘有理性的检察官’会对证据做出的结论。我想让科米先生将同样的方式用于有关他和总统特朗普接触的关键问题上，总统的行为是否构成了妨害司法。”

Since he had opposed the Affordable Care Act, Mr. Obama’s signature health care law, Mr. McCain became a critical vote on the Republican bill to repeal and replace it. Written in secret, the Republicans’ bill was opposed by health care and patient advocacy groups. Mr. McCain, fearing his constituents might be harmed, was noncommittal.

自从他反对奥巴马的医保法案以来，麦凯恩先生拥有共和党法案的关键一票，从而撤销和取代奥巴马法案。共和党的法案是秘密起草的，这遭到健康和患者游说团体的反对。麦凯恩先生担心自己选区的人民受到伤害，态度一直不明朗。

After struggling to write a passable bill and with no votes to spare, Senator Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the majority leader, put off a showdown when Mr. McCain was sidelined by surgery for a cranial blood clot over his left eye in July.

一直无法起草一个能通过的法案，多数党领袖、肯塔基州联邦参议员米奇·麦康奈尔推迟了摊牌，当时麦凯恩先生置身事外，7月他因左眼颅内血块而进行手术。

Senator McCain’s office disclosed that, behind the clot, his doctors had found a glioblastoma, an aggressive and malignant brain tumor. Medical experts said that such cancers may be treated with radiation and chemotherapy but almost always grow back, and that the median length of survival with a glioblastoma is about 16 months.

参议员麦凯恩办公室透露，医生在血块后发现脑胶质瘤，这是一种进展性恶性脑癌。医学专家表示，这种癌症可以用放疗和化疗方法治疗，但基本都会复发，脑胶质瘤的中位生存期约16个月。

Days after surgery for the brain cancer, Mr. McCain returned to the Senate and provided a crucial vote for the Republicans to open debate on their efforts to repeal the health law. But when a last-ditch repeal vote was taken later, Mr. McCain made a stirring televised reappearance in the well of the Senate and shocked his colleagues and the nation by turning his thumb down, casting the decisive vote against it.

脑癌手术数天后，麦凯恩先生回到参议院，为共和党投下了关键一票，开启对取缔医保法的讨论。但随后进行取缔投票的最后一刻，麦凯恩先生在参议院池子中再次惊人亮相，他让同事和国人震惊，因为他投了决定性的反对票。

The seven-year Republican drive to derail the Affordable Care Act had collapsed. Some pundits called the McCain vote cold revenge for Mr. Trump’s mockery of his ordeal as a prisoner of war. But the senator told colleagues that he felt compelled only to “do the right thing.” And in a later statement, he gave a fuller explanation.

共和党长达七年要推翻奥巴马医保法案的努力崩溃了。有些学者认为麦凯恩的投票是对特朗普先生嘲笑他战俘苦难经历的报复。但参议员对同事说，他感觉有义务只做“正确的事”。在后来的声明中，他更详尽地解释了原由。

“The vote last night presents the Senate with an opportunity to start fresh,” he said. “I encourage my colleagues on both sides of the aisle to trust each other, stop the political gamesmanship and put the health care needs of the American people first. We can do this.”

“昨晚的投票让参议院有机会重新开始，”他说。“我鼓励两党同事彼此信任，不要再搞政治斗争，将美国人民的健康保障需求放在第一位，我们可以做到。”

In December, Mr. McCain had been expected to be a pivotal vote in the Republican drive to rewrite the nation’s tax code and cut taxes for individuals and businesses by adding up to $1.5 trillion to the federal deficit. Critics of the measure had identified him as a potential holdout against his party’s legislation.

12月，麦凯恩先生将在共和党修订国家税法并为个人和公司减税及增加1.5万亿美元联邦赤字的投票中发挥核心作用。该措施的批评者将他视作可以抵制本党立法的潜在人选。

Days before the vote, however, Mr. McCain returned home to Arizona for medical treatment, and he did not cast a ballot in the Senate proceedings. But he endorsed the bill, and his support was important, though not decisive, in the Senate’s 51-48 adoption of the tax package.

然而投票几天前，麦凯恩先生回到亚利桑那家中接受治疗，他没有在参议院投票。但他支持法案，他的支持是重要的，尽管不是决定性的，参议院以51对48票通过的税改一揽子法案。

To the Navy Born

John Sidney McCain III was born on Aug. 29, 1936, at the Coco Solo Naval Air Station in the Panama Canal Zone, one of many posts where his father, John Sidney McCain Jr., served in a long, distinguished Navy career. He was the middle sibling of three children. His mother, born Roberta Wright, was a California oil heiress. His parents eloped to Tijuana, Mexico, to marry in 1933.

约翰·西德尼·麦凯恩三世1936年8月29日生于巴拿马运河区可可索罗海军航空基地，这是父亲约翰·西德尼·小麦凯恩漫长和出色的海军生涯中的一站。他是三个孩子中的老二。他的母亲罗伯塔·怀特是加利福尼亚石油公司女继承人。他的父和--母1933年私奔到墨西哥提华纳结婚。

With his older sister, Jean Alexandra (who was known as Sandy), and brother, Joseph Pinckney McCain II, John grew up with frequent moves, an often-absent father, a rock-solid mother and family lore that traced ancestral lineages to combatants in every American war and to Scottish clans. There were also highly dubious family claims of having descended from Robert the Bruce, the 14th-century king of the Scots.

他的姐姐是珍·亚里山德拉（珊迪），弟弟是约瑟夫·平克尼·麦凯恩二世，约翰成长过程中四处搬家，父亲常常不在身边，母亲很坚强，他的家族可以追溯到美国每一场战争中的战士并一直追溯到苏格兰的祖先。据说祖先是14世纪的苏格兰国王罗伯特·布鲁斯，但非常可疑。

The patriarch of the 20th-century military family was John’s grandfather, Adm. John Sidney McCain Sr. A pioneer of aircraft carriers, he led many naval and air operations in the Western Pacific in World War II, covering Gen. Douglas MacArthur’s invasion of the Philippines and inflicting heavy losses on the enemy in the war’s final stages. He was in the front row of officers aboard the battleship Missouri in Tokyo Bay when the Japanese signed the documents of surrender in 1945.

这个20世纪的军事家庭，大家长是约翰的祖父约翰·西德尼·老麦凯恩将军。作为航空母舰的先驱，他第二次世界大战中在西太平洋领导了多次海空军行动，掩护道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟将军入侵菲律宾，在战争最后阶段给敌军造成重大伤亡。他在东京湾的密苏里战舰上站在美国军官前排，1945年，日本在这里签订了投降文件。

John’s father was a decorated submarine commander in World War II. In Washington, the elder Mr. McCain was influential in political affairs as the postwar Navy’s chief information officer and liaison with Congress. Senators, representatives and military brass were often guests at his home. Raised to full admiral, he was the commander of American naval forces in Europe and, from 1968 to 1972, of all American forces in the Pacific, including those in the Vietnam War theater.

约翰的父亲在第二次世界大战中是军功卓著的潜艇司令官。老麦凯恩先生在华盛顿政治能量很大，他在战后担任海军首席信息官和国会联络人。参议员、众议员和将军们都是他的座上宾。他后来成为海军上将，担任美国驻欧洲海军司令官，1968年到1972年，担任美军太平洋总司令，下辖越南战区。

(Two Navy destroyers were named McCain, for the senator’s father and grandfather, the first father-and-son full admirals in American naval history.)

（有两艘海军驱逐舰以麦凯恩命名，分别纪念参议员麦凯恩的父亲和祖父，这是海军历史上第一队父子海军上将。）

Whipsawed by family relocations, young John attended some 20 schools before finally settling into Episcopal High School, an all-white, all-boys boarding school in Alexandria, Va., in the fall of 1951 for his last three years of secondary education. The school, with an all-male faculty and enrollments drawn mostly from upper-crust families of the Old South, required jackets and ties for classes.

年轻的约翰辗转多地，转了20多次学，最后于1951年秋就读于主教高中，这是全白人寄宿男校，在弗吉尼亚州亚历山德里亚，完成了最后三年的中学教育。该校教职员工也都是男性，学生主要来自美国南方的上层家庭，上课要求穿外套打领带。

But the scion of one of the Navy’s most illustrious families was defiant and unruly. He mocked the dress code by wearing dirty bluejeans. His shoes were held together with tape, and his coat looked like a reject from the Salvation Army. He was cocky and combative, easily provoked and ready to fight anyone. Classmates called him McNasty. Most gave him a wide berth.

但这位海军最显赫家庭的后代叛逆任性。他穿着脏脏了牛仔裤，不遵守着装规则，他用胶带把鞋绑在一起，上衣看起来像救世军的残次品。他很自大又好斗，脾气火爆，时刻准备揍别人。同学称他为麦火爆。大多数人躲着他走。

“He cultivated the image,” Robert Timberg wrote in a biography, “John McCain: An American Odyssey” (1995). “The Episcopal yearbook pictures him in a trench coat, collar up, cigarette dangling Bogey-style from his lips. That pose, if hardly the impression Episcopal sought to project, at least had a fashionable world-weary style to it.”

“他塑造了这种形象，”罗伯特·蒂姆伯格在传记《约翰·麦凯恩：美国奥德赛》（1995）中写道。“主教学校年鉴上他穿着军用上衣、领子竖起来，双唇歪叼着香烟。那种范儿绝非主教学校要塑造的形象，但至少有一种时尚的厌世风格。”

John and a few friends often sneaked off campus at night to patronize bars and burlesque houses in Washington. He joined the wrestling team — a 127-pound dynamo, he once pinned an opponent in 37 seconds, a school record — and the junior varsity football team, as a linebacker and offensive guard. His grades were abysmal, except in literature and history, his favorite subjects. He graduated in 1954.

约翰和几个朋友常常晚上溜出校园，光顾华盛顿的酒吧和杂耍场所。他参加了摔跤队，这个127磅的壮小伙子，曾在37秒内扣住对手，创造了学校记录，他还参加了橄榄球少年校队，他打中后卫和进攻后卫。除了自己喜欢的文学和历史，他成绩都很糟糕。他1954年毕业。

That summer, he followed his father and grandfather into the United States Naval Academy in Annapolis, Md. He resisted the discipline. His grades were poor. He stood up to upperclassmen, broke rules and piled up demerits, though never enough to warrant expulsion. But he became a ferocious boxer, a magnet for attractive young women and one of the most popular midshipmen in his class.

当年夏天，他像父亲与祖父一样进入马里兰州安纳波利斯的美国海军学院，他不服管教，成绩又差。他对抗高年级学生，破坏规矩，臭名昭著，尽管都不至于被开除。但他成为一个凶狠的拳击手，有很多女生喜欢，他是班上最受欢迎的军校生。

In the Cockpit

Mr. McCain possessed the rugged independence of a natural leader. It came out at parties and in carousing with friends. Caught by the Shore Patrol at an off-limits bar, he led a carload of drinking buddies in a daring escape. In 1958, he graduated 894th in his class, fifth from the bottom.

麦凯恩先生天生具有领导人那种不羁的独立性。聚会和与朋友欢饮时看得出来。海岸巡逻队在一个禁止去的酒吧抓住了他，他和一车酒友大胆逃窜。1958年，他以第894名的成绩毕业，倒数第五。

Accepted for flight training, the newly commissioned Ensign McCain learned to fly attack jets at the Naval Air Station in Pensacola, Fla. He also had flings with a succession of young women, from schoolteachers to strippers, and once with a tobacco heiress, “often returning to base just in time to change clothes and drag himself out to the flight line,” Mr. Timberg said.

被召参加飞行训练，新晋升的海军少尉麦凯恩在佛罗里达州彭萨科拉海军航空基地学会了驾驶战斗机，他和许多女人谈恋爱，有学校老师，还有脱衣舞女，曾经还和一个烟草女继承人好过，“经常踩着点回到基地换衣服，最后一刻到达停机坪，”蒂姆伯格先生说。

He liked flying, but his performance was subpar, sometimes careless or even reckless. In the 1960s he crashed in Corpus Christi Bay in Texas and Tidewater, Va., but escaped with minor injuries — and his flying skills improved over time. Early assignments were aboard aircraft carriers: the Intrepid in the Caribbean during the 1962 Cuban missile crisis, and the Enterprise in the Mediterranean.

他喜欢飞行，但他的表现在平均水平以下，有时很随意甚至鲁莽。六十年代，他在得克萨斯科珀斯克里斯蒂和弗吉尼亚州泰德沃特坠机，但只受了小伤，他的飞行技巧逐渐提高。最初的任务是呆在航空母舰上，1962年古巴导弹危机期间，他在加勒比海的无畏号上，还曾在地中海的企业号上服役。

In 1965, Mr. McCain married Carol Shepp, a model. He adopted her two children, Douglas and Andrew, and they had a daughter, Sidney. After a long separation, the couple were divorced in 1980. He then married Cindy Lou Hensley, a Phoenix teacher whose father owned a beer distributorship. They had two sons, John IV and James, and a daughter, Meghan, and adopted a girl, Bridget, from a Bangladeshi orphanage.

1965年，麦凯恩先生娶了模特卡罗尔·谢普，谢普带了两个孩子——道格拉斯和安德鲁，他们生了一个女儿西德尼。因为长期分居，夫妇二人1980年离婚。他又娶了凤凰城的老师辛迪·罗·亨斯雷，她的父亲有一家啤酒分销公司。他们有两个儿子——约翰四世和詹姆斯，一个女儿梅根，还收养了一个孟加拉国孤儿布丽奇特。

Promoted to lieutenant commander in early 1967, Mr. McCain requested combat duty and was assigned to the carrier Forrestal, operating in the Gulf of Tonkin. Its A-4E Skyhawk warplanes were bombing North Vietnam in the campaign known as Operation Rolling Thunder. He flew five missions.

1967年初晋升为海军少校，麦凯恩先生要求上战场，被派到北部湾的福莱斯特航母上。航母上的A-4E天鹰战斗机在滚雷行动中轰炸越南。他飞过5次任务。

Then, on July 29, 1967, he had just strapped himself into his cockpit on a deck crowded with planes when a missile fired accidentally from another jet struck his 200-gallon exterior fuel tank, and it exploded in flames. He scrambled out, crawled onto the plane’s nose, dived onto a deck seething with burning fuel and rolled away until he cleared the flames.

1967年7月29日，他刚刚在甲板的飞机座舱中系好安全带，甲板上还有许多飞机，另一架飞机上的导弹意外爆炸，击中了他200加仑的外挂邮箱引发爆炸，一片火海。他爬了出来，爬到机鼻处，跳进烧着了燃料的甲板上，打着滚扑灭了身上的火。

As he stood up, other aircraft and bomb loads exploded on deck. He was hit in the legs and chest by burning shrapnel. At one point, the Forrestal skipper considered abandoning ship. When the fire was finally brought under control, 134 men had been killed in the worst noncombat incident in American naval history.

他站起来时，其他甲板上的飞机和炸弹也爆炸了。他双腿被击中，胸部被燃烧的弹片击中。福莱斯特航母船长一度考虑弃船，火势最后得到控制，134个男人在美国海军史上最严重的非战斗事件中死亡。

Despite his misgivings, Mr. McCain volunteered for more missions and was transferred to the carrier Oriskany. On Oct. 26 he took off on his 23rd mission of the war, part of a 20-plane attack on a heavily defended power plant in central Hanoi. Moments after releasing his bombs on target, as he pulled out of his dive, a Soviet-made surface-to-air missile sheared off his right wing.

尽管遭遇不幸，麦凯恩先生自愿参加更多任务，并被转到奥里斯卡尼航母上。10月26日，他起飞参加第23次任务，20架飞机袭击越南中部一家防备森严的电场。向目标投掷炸弹片刻之后，他将飞机拉起来时，一颗苏制地空导弹折断了他的右翼。

He ejected as the plane plunged, but hit something as he exited. Both arms were broken and his right knee was shattered. He fell into a lake and, with 50 pounds of gear, sank 15 feet to the bottom, then pulled the inflating pins of his Mae West life jacket with his teeth and rose to the surface, gasping for air. Swimmers dragged him ashore, where he was set upon by a mob.

飞机坠落时他被弹射出来，但逃脱时碰到了什么东西，双臂受伤，右膝粉碎。他同50磅的设备一起掉入湖中，沉入了15英尺的湖底，然后用牙齿拉开了海上救生背心浮上水面，得以呼吸。游泳者把他拖上岸，遭到暴民袭击。

Mr. McCain was stripped to his skivvies, kicked and spat upon, then bayoneted in the left ankle and groin. A North Vietnamese soldier struck him with his rifle butt, breaking a shoulder. A woman tried to give him a cup of tea as a photographer snapped pictures. Carried to a truck, Mr. McCain was driven to Hoa Lo, the prison compound its American inmates had labeled the Hanoi Hilton.

麦凯恩先生被脱到只剩内裤，被人踢，被吐口水，左膝盖和腹股沟被人用刀刺。北越士兵用枪托打他，把肩膀打折。摄影师照相时，一个女人给了他一杯茶。麦凯恩被抬上卡车，送到了火炉监狱，美国监友称这里是河内希尔顿。

There he was denied medical care. His knee swelled to the size and color of a football. He lapsed in and out of consciousness for days. When he awoke in a cell infested with roaches and rats, he was interrogated and beaten. The beatings continued for days. He gave his name, rank and serial number and defied his tormentors with curses.

那里没人给他治疗，他的膝盖红肿到和足球那么大。他连续几天失去意识。当他在满是蟑螂和老鼠的牢房中醒来后，他遭到审讯和毒打。毒打持续了几天。他说了自己的名字、军衔、编号并大骂虐待他的人。

After two weeks, a doctor, without anesthesia, tried to set his right arm, broken in three places, but gave up in frustration and encased it in a plaster cast. He was moved to another site and tended by two American prisoners of war, who brought him back from near death.

两周后，一个医生在没有麻醉的情况下给他的右臂正骨，右臂有三处骨折，但最后么成功就打了石膏。他被转移到另一个地方，由两名美国战俘看护，把他从死亡边缘拉了回来。

Commander McCain’s prisoner-of-war status was widely reported around the world. Only after his captors learned that his father was an admiral was he given a modicum of medical treatment. Other prisoners said he spoke, incongruously, of someday being president of the United States.

麦凯恩司令成为战俘在全世界得到广泛报道。抓住他的人得知他的父亲是将军后他才得到一点点治疗。其他战俘说，他前言不搭后语地说有一天自己要当美国总统。

Once he was visited by a group of North Vietnamese dignitaries. A prisoner, Jack Van Loan, said Mr. McCain shrieked at them. “Here’s a guy that’s all crippled up, all busted up, and he doesn’t know if he’s going to live to the next day, and he literally blew them out of there with a verbal assault,” Mr. Van Loan told Mr. Timberg. “You can’t imagine the example John set for the rest of the camp by doing that.”

有一次，北越的贵客造访了他。狱友杰克·凡·罗恩说，麦凯恩冲他们尖叫。“他彻底瘸了，全都垮了，他不知道明天还活不活着，可他把他们骂出去了，”凡·罗恩先生对蒂姆伯格说。“你无法想象约翰这样做为战俘营其他人树立的典范。”

Two Years in Solitary

In March 1968, Mr. McCain was put in solitary confinement, fed only watery pumpkin soup and scraps of bread. It lasted two years. When Admiral McCain became the Pacific Theater commander in July, his son was offered early repatriation repeatedly. Commander McCain refused, following a military code that prisoners were to be released in the order taken. He was beaten frequently and tortured with ropes.

1968年3月，麦凯恩先生被单独监禁，只给南瓜粥和面包屑，持续两年之久。当麦凯恩将军7月成为太平洋战区总司令时，越方多次要把他的儿子提前遣送回国。但麦凯恩司令拒绝了，他遵从军事法规，战犯要按顺序遣返。他经常被殴打并被绑起来虐待。

Years after his confession to “war crimes” and “air piracy,” Mr. McCain wrote: “I had learned what we all learned over there: that every man has his breaking point. I had reached mine.”

他承认犯有“战争罪”和“空中劫持”多年后，麦凯恩先生写道：“我学到所有人都学到的东西：所有人都有崩溃的时刻，我也有我的那个时刻。”

His ordeal finally ended on March 14, 1973, two months after the Paris Peace Accords had ended American involvement in the war. The place he had lived longest in his nomadic life was Hanoi. At 36, his hair had gone white. He went home a celebrity, cheered in parades, showered with medals, embraced by President Richard M. Nixon and Gov. Ronald Reagan of California.

1973年3月14日，他的苦难终于结束了，两个月前，巴黎和平协定让美国不再参战。他在外生活最长的地方就是河内。36岁的他头发就白了，他回到祖国，成为名人，人们游行欢庆，得了很多奖章，总统理查德·尼克松和加州州长罗纳德·里根拥抱他。

For a Navy man who had always tried to live up to his father’s accomplishments, the Silver and Bronze Stars, the Distinguished Flying Cross and other decorations he received were not enough. But a psychiatrist’s report seemed to capture his happiest moment. “Felt fulfillment,” it said, “when his dad was introduced at a dinner as ‘Commander McCain’s father.’ ”

这名海军男人一直立志实现父亲那样的成就，可银星和铜星、杰出飞行十字勋章及其他军功还不够。但一个精神科医生的报告看起来抓住了他最开心的时刻。“他感到满足，”报告说，“当他的父亲在宴会上被人介绍为‘麦凯恩司令官的父亲’时。”

After months of rehabilitation and recovery, he returned to duty and became the Navy’s Senate liaison, as his father had once been. But he knew that his Navy future would be limited by his physical disabilities, and that he would never be an admiral like his forebears. With his mother’s encouragement, he was already thinking about a political career when he retired as a captain in 1981.

经过数月的康复，他回到军队，成为海军的参院联系人，他的父亲也曾做过这个职位。但他知道因为身体残疾，在海军没有未来了，无法像前辈那样成为将军。在母亲的鼓励下，他1981年以上校退伍时就已经考虑要从政了。

Setting his sights on a congressional seat, he settled in Phoenix and became a public relations executive for his father-in-law’s beer distributorship. He developed contacts in the news media and business community, and got to know real estate developers and bankers like Charles Keating Jr.

希望进入国会的他定居在凤凰城，成为岳父啤酒分销公司的公关经理。他在新闻媒体和商界拓展关系，认识了查尔斯·小基丁等地产开发商和银行家。

When Representative John Rhodes of Arizona retired after 30 years in Congress in 1982, Mr. McCain, in a campaign partly financed by his wife, easily won the seat in a Republican district. He embraced President Reagan’s agenda of tax and budget cuts and a strong national defense, but voted to override Mr. Reagan’s veto of sanctions against South Africa for its racist policies. He was re-elected in 1984.

当做了30年的亚利桑那众议员约翰·罗德1982年退休时，麦凯恩先生在妻子的部分资助下参选，轻松成为共和党众议员。他支持里根总统的减税、削减预算和强大国防的议程，但投票推翻里根先生的否决案，里根否决了因种族政策而对南非施加制裁。麦凯恩1984年再次当选。

After Senator Barry M. Goldwater decided not to seek re-election as Arizona’s conservative stalwart in 1986, Mr. McCain crushed Richard Kimball, a former Democratic state legislator, for the seat. He won appointments to the Armed Services Committee, the Commerce Committee and the Indian Affairs Committee, and soon gained national attention.

参议员巴里·戈德华特1986年决定不再作为亚利桑那州坚定的保守派竞选参议员时，麦凯恩击败前民主党州议员理查德·金伯尔获得该席位。他被任命加入军事委员会、商业委员会和印第安事务委员会，很快得到全国的关注。

A longtime gambler with ties to the gaming industry, Mr. McCain helped write the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act in 1988, codifying regulations for Native American gambling enterprises.

他一直是个赌徒，和博彩业有联系，他1988年帮助起草了《印第安博彩管理法案》，对美国原住民博彩业制定了法规。

He backed legislation, sponsored by Senators Phil Gramm of Texas and Warren B. Rudman of New Hampshire, for automatic spending cuts in deficit budgets.

他支持得克萨斯参议员菲儿·格拉姆和新罕布什尔参议员沃伦·卢德曼的起草的法案，建立自动减赤机制。

He was shortlisted as a vice-presidential running mate by the 1988 Republican nominee, George Bush, who won the White House (with Senator Dan Quayle on the ticket).

1988年，他进入乔治·布什的副总统搭档短名单，老布什进入白宫，最后选择了参议员丹·奎尔。

But Mr. McCain’s rising political career was almost upended by scandal. He was one of five senators who took favors from Charles Keating to intercede with federal regulators on behalf of the Lincoln Savings and Loan Association, which collapsed with catastrophic losses. The scandal cost the government and investors billions, and Mr. Keating went to prison for fraud; the so-called Keating Five, cleared of wrongdoing by Senate investigators, were only rebuked for ethical lapses.

但丑闻几乎搞垮麦凯恩先生冉冉高升的政治生涯。他是查尔斯·基丁支持的五个参议员之一，五名参议员代表林肯储蓄和贷款联合会向联邦监管者求情，后者巨额亏损倒闭。丑闻让政府和投资者损失数十亿美元，基丁先生因欺诈入狱；参议院调查结果认为所谓的基丁五议员没有过错，仅被谴责为道德过失。

In the years that followed, Mr. McCain reinvented himself as a scourge of special interests, crusading for stricter ethics and campaign finance rules, a man of honor chastened by a brush with shame.

几年后，麦凯恩先生将自己重新打造为特殊利益群体的灾难，他长期推行实施更严格的伦理和竞选融资法规，成为知耻后勇的男人。

The Persian Gulf War in 1991 also helped restore Mr. McCain’s tarnished image. As a television commentator, he showcased his military savvy and impressed Americans as an authoritative voice on foreign policy. While Mr. Bush lost the White House to Bill Clinton in 1992, Mr. McCain easily won re-election.

1991年的海湾战争再次擦亮了麦凯恩先生的声誉。作为电视评论员，他展示了自己的军事知识，在外交政策上发出权威声音让美国人折服。1992年，老布什先生将白宫让给比尔·克林顿，麦凯恩却轻松再次当选。

After years of voting along party lines, Mr. McCain, in the 1990s, emphasized his independence. With the presidency in his distant sights, he challenged Republican leaders and Democrats and was harder to peg politically.

按照共和党路线投票几年后，麦凯恩先生在九十年代强调自己的独立性。希望以后能竞选总统，他挑战共和党领袖和民主党人，政治上很难定位。

He became a self-appointed Republican spokesman on national security — challenging the Clinton administration’s intervention in Somalia, counseling against deploying American troops to the Balkans and sounding an early warning on North Korea’s nuclear ambitions.

他任命自己为共和党国家安全发言人，对克林顿政府干涉索马里提出挑战，反对美国军队前往巴尔干地区，很早就警告朝鲜有核野心。

Mr. McCain and Senator John Kerry, a Democrat and fellow Vietnam War veteran, were chairmen of the Select Committee on P.O.W./M.I.A. Affairs, which found “no compelling evidence” that Americans were still alive in captivity in Southeast Asia. Veterans groups and families of long-missing troops rejected the report. He also pressed for full diplomatic relations with Vietnam, which were achieved in 1995.

麦凯恩先生与民主党参议员、越战老兵约翰·克里是战俘/战斗失踪人员事务特别委员会主席，他们发现“没有过硬证据”表明，美国在东南亚还有活着的被囚者。老兵组织和长期失踪士兵的家人拒绝这一报告。他还要求与越南恢复完全外交关系，1995年实现了这一点。

In the 1996 election, Mr. McCain appeared to be a favorite for the Republican vice-presidential slot, but former Senator Bob Dole, the Republican presidential nominee, chose Jack Kemp, the former congressman and National Football League star. They would lose to Mr. Clinton and Al Gore.

1996年的选举中，麦凯恩看起来是共和党副总统的最佳人选，但前参议员、共和党总统提名人鲍勃·多尔选择了前众议员、国家橄榄球联盟球星杰克·凯姆普。他们输给了克林顿先生和阿尔·戈尔。

Mr. McCain won re-election to a third term by a landslide in 1998, and a year later he published a memoir, “Faith of My Fathers,” which became a best seller in time for the 2000 election campaign and was later made into a television movie, starring Shawn Hatosy as Mr. McCain.

1998年，麦凯恩先生第三次压倒性当选参议员，一年后他出版了回忆录《父辈们的信仰》，成为2000年选战期间的畅销书，后来被改编为电视电影，肖恩·海托西饰演麦凯恩先生。

Smears and Defeat

Seeking the 2000 Republican presidential nomination, Mr. McCain pledged “a fight to take our government back from the power brokers and special interests.” Gov. George W. Bush of Texas was favored, but Mr. McCain won the New Hampshire primary, 49 to 30 percent.

麦凯恩先生2000年谋求成为共和党总统提名人时，承诺“捍卫将政府从权力掮客和特殊利益团体手中夺回来”。得克萨斯州州长小布什更受青睐，但麦凯恩先生赢得新罕布什尔州初选，49%对30%。

South Carolina’s primary then loomed as crucial.It was one of the era’s dirtiest campaigns. Anonymous smears falsely claimed that Mr. McCain had fathered a black child out of wedlock, that his wife was a drug addict and that he was a homosexual, a traitor and mentally unstable. McCain ads portrayed Mr. Bush as a liar and called his religious supporters, the Rev. Jerry Falwell and the televangelist Pat Robertson, “agents of intolerance.”

随后南卡州的初选很关键，这是那个时代最肮脏的一次选战。匿名抹黑言论错误的宣称麦凯恩先生是一个黑人私生子的父亲，说他妻子是瘾君子，他是同性恋和叛徒，精神不稳定。麦凯恩的广告说布什是一个说谎者，认为他宗教界的支持者杰瑞·法威尔牧师和电视福音传道者帕特·罗伯逊是“不宽容的代言人”。

Mr. McCain later said he regretted calling a Confederate flag on the State Capitol in Columbia a “symbol of heritage.” Civil rights groups had denounced it as a symbol of slavery and oppression of African-Americans. “I feared that if I answered honestly, I could not win the South Carolina primary,” Mr. McCain admitted.

麦凯恩先生说，他后悔在哥伦比亚州议会大厦将邦联旗说成“遗产的象征”。民权组织谴责那是奴隶制的象征和对非裔美国人的压迫。“我恐怕如果我如实回答，我就没法赢下南卡州的初选，”麦凯恩先生承认。

Mr. Bush won the primary and the nomination, and narrowly defeated the Democrat, Vice President Gore, in the general election.

布什先生赢得初选获得提名，并在大选中险胜民主党人、副总统戈尔。

After the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, Mr. McCain supported the Bush administration’s war on terrorism; its invasion of Afghanistan to suppress a fanatic Taliban regime and hunt for Osama bin Laden, the mastermind of the terrorist attacks; and later the invasion of Iraq to depose President Saddam Hussein, the tyrant who was wrongly believed to have weapons of mass destruction.

2001年9.11恐怖袭击后，麦凯恩先生支持布什政府开打反恐战争、入侵阿富汗压制疯狂的塔利班政权并抓捕恐袭策划者奥萨马·本拉登，并支持此后入侵伊拉克罢黜总统萨达姆·侯赛因，这个暴君被错以为拥有大规模杀伤性武器。

Rewarded for years of pushing campaign-finance reforms, Mr. McCain and Senator Russ Feingold, Democrat of Wisconsin, finally saw passage in 2002 of the McCain-Feingold Act. It banned a key source of financing for both parties, so-called soft money donated in unlimited amounts to build party strengths, and it limited donations for national candidates to “hard money,” subject to annual limits and other rules.

多年推动竞选筹款改革的麦凯恩先生和威斯康星州民主党参议员鲁斯·费恩戈尔德终于在2002年通过《麦凯恩-费恩戈尔德法案》。法案禁止两党的一个重要财源，即所谓用于党建的不限数额的软捐赠。将竞选者可以获得的捐款限制为“硬钱”，每年有限额，还有其他法规规定。

As a torture victim, Mr. McCain was sensitive to the detention and interrogation of detainees in the fight against terrorism. In 2005 the Senate passed his bill to bar inhumane treatment of prisoners, including those at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, by limiting military practices to those permitted by the United States Army Field Manual on Interrogation. His 2008 bill to ban waterboarding as torture was adopted, but vetoed by President Bush.

酷刑受害者麦凯恩先生对反恐战争中的监禁和审讯非常敏感。2005年参议院通过法案禁止非人道对待囚犯，其中包括古巴关塔那摩湾，对美国陆军战地审讯手册允许的军事行为进行限制。他2008年提出禁止水刑作为审讯手段的法案获得通过，但总统布什否决了。

In 1993, Mr. McCain gave the commencement address at Annapolis: the sorcerer’s apprentice, class of 1954, home to inspire the midshipmen. He spoke of Navy aviators hurled from the decks of pitching aircraft carriers, of Navy gunners blazing into the silhouettes of onrushing kamikazes, of trapped Marines battling overwhelming Chinese hordes in a breakout from the Chosin Reservoir in North Korea.

1993年，麦凯恩先生在安纳波利斯做毕业典礼演讲《1954级：巫师学徒，海军军校生受到鼓舞的地方》。他谈及在倾斜的航母上被甩到甲板上的海军飞行员，谈到抵抗神风队员攻击的海军机枪手，谈到在朝鲜长津水库被困的海军陆战队员突破大批中国士兵包围。

“I have spent time in the company of heroes,” he said. “I have watched men suffer the anguish of imprisonment, defy appalling cruelty until further resistance is impossible, break for a moment, then recover inhuman strength to defy their enemies once more. All these things and more I have seen. And so will you. I will go to my grave in gratitude to my Creator for allowing me to stand witness to such courage and honor. And so will you.

“我和英雄在一起，”他说。“我看着男人们忍受监禁之苦，不畏骇人的残忍做最后一丝抵抗，一时崩溃，又恢复了非人的力量再次抗敌。所有这些我都见识了。你们也会如此。我走入坟墓时要感谢我的造物主，让我能见证勇气和荣誉。你们也会如此。”

“My time is slipping by. Yours is fast approaching. You will know where your duty lies. You will know.”

“我的生命正在过去，你们的正在快速到来。你们会知道职责所在，你们会知道。”

• END •

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