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河北武邑中学2018-2019学年上学期高三期末考试

英语试卷

注意事项:

1.答题前，考生务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的准考证号、姓名。考生要认真核对答题卡上粘贴的条形码的“准考证号、姓名”与考生本人准考证号、姓名是否一致。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3.考试结束，考生必须将答题卡交回。

第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

What does the woman want to know?

A. If the man is thirsty. B. If the man likes Beyonce. C. If the man has heard some new music.

【答案】C

【解析】

【分析】

W:Have you heard the new Beyonc6 album? It’s called Lemonade.

M:No，I haven’t listened to it yet. Speaking of lemonade. I could really use something to drink!

【详解】此为听力题，解析略。

2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

What does the man probably want the woman to do?

A. Fix his pants. B. Give him his money back. C. Give him a new pair of pants for flee.

【答案】B

【解析】

【分析】

M:I need to return this pair of pants.They have a hole in them.

W:Okay，sir.I can give you 50％ off a new pair.

M:Just 50％? It’s not my fault that they have a hole. I just want a refund.

【详解】此为听力题，解析略。

3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

Who might Shelly be?

A. The man’s wife. B. The girl’s sister. C. A babysitter.

【答案】C

【解析】

【分析】

W:I need help with my homework. Dad.

M:I’m running out the door to meet your mother. Shelly should be here to help you soon.She’s staying until 9:00 tonight and also making dinner for you and your sister.

【详解】此为听力题，解析略。

4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

How does the woman probably feel in the beginning?

A. Confused. B. Satisfied. C. Disappointed.

【答案】A

【解析】

【分析】

M:Are you even listening to me?Do not go in that room!

W:What are you talking about?This is my room…Oh，you planned me a surprise party!You’re so silly.Thank you!

【详解】此为听力题，解析略。

5.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

What does the man mean?

A. The next dish will be really special. B. The baked potatoes are his best dish. C. He’11 make something even better next time.

【答案】A

【解析】

【分析】

W:Wow,I didn’t know you were such a great cook These baked potatoes are to die for!

M:I've been taking cooking lessons.And you haven’t seen anything yet.You’re going to love the main course!

【详解】此为听力题，解析略。

第二节 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独自后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独自前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

6. How long does the woman usually study the night before a test?

A. About an hour. B. About two hours. C. About three hours.

7. What will the man do next?

A. Talk to the teacher. B. Study with the woman. C. Take a test.

【答案】6. B 7. A

【解析】

M:Can you help me with this math problem?

W:Actually,I don’t know how to do it，either.You should probably just ask the teacher.

M:I thought you always got 1 00％on all your math tests

W:I usually do，but sometimes I need help.too.

M:How long do you usually study for a test?

W:About two hours the night before，and then an hour or so earlier in the week.

M:I need to study more.Maybe we can study together.

W:Sure.I’d be happy to help you.

M:I'm going to ask the teacher about this problem.I’11 let you know what he says.

W:Sounds good to me.

【6题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【7题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

8. According to the conversation，what does Google want to do?

A. Replace all drivers with computers. B. Research sleep patterns. C. Make trucking more efficient.

9. What does the woman suggest about trucks?

A. Human drivers react quicker than machines.

B. Many jobs might disappear with self-driving trucks.

C. Many accidents involve regular trucks.

10. How does the man feel about self-driving trucks?

A. He’s a 1ittle scared by them. B. He’s excited by their speed. C. He thinks they’re safer.

【答案】8. C 9. C 10. A

【解析】

M:Would you consider buying a self-driving car?

W:I don’t know.I guess I’d have to research a bit more about them before making that decision

M:It will probably be a while before we are able to buy them,anyway.We might be seeing self-driving trucks on the road pretty soon，though.Google wants to change the commercial trucking industry.Right now,there are over three million truck drivers in the U.S., so adding self-driving trucks would likely take away a lot of jobs.But many drivers might stiff be able to accompany their trucks，and get a full night’s sleep in the process.

W:Truck drivers cause a lot of accidents on the freeway,so I think I'd like to see self-driving trucks.It would make me.feel safer on the road.

M:Really?I think it might make me feel less safe.A human driver is much more likely to react quickly to something unexpected.

【8题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【9题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【10题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

11. Who created the new products?

A. Health box. B. Under Armor C. UA Record.

12. What does the woman think of the products?

A. She’s not very impressed by them. B. She thinks they’re worth the money.

C. They sound new and different.

13. What does the man like most about the products?

A. They can measure your body fat. B. Your heart rate can be tracked.

C. You can set goals and measure your progress.

【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C

【解析】

M:Have you heard of the UA Healthbox?

W:No.What’s that?

M:It was created by the company Under Armor.It’s a new set of three smart devices-a wristband，a scale，and a heart—rate monitor.They all record information about you when you exercise，which is then collected in the app，UA Record.

W:I like that all of the information goes into one app.but it doesn’t sound very different from other products that are already out there.

M:Check this out，though:you can touch the screen of the wristband to signal that you're starting or ending an activity.Then the scale measures your body fat and weight，while the monitor tracks your heart rate.You wear the heart monitor on a band around your chest.The best part about it is that you can set goals and measure your progress.

W:How much does it cost?

M:The whole set is around$400，but you can just buy the wristband if you want，which is$180.

W:Wow,that’s not exactly a bargain.is it?

【11题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【12题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【13题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

14. What is the woman’s advice?

A. Studying harder B. Just being honest. C. Choosing a career early.

15. What might t11e man write his essay about?

A. What he wants to major in. B. His unknown future. C. His high school experience.

16. Who might Mrs.Watson be?

A. The man’s drama teacher. B. The man’s math teacher. C. The man’s English teacher.

【答案】14. B 15. B 16. C

【解析】

W:What are you doing?

M:I’m working on my college application.I just started writing my personal statement, but I’m having a hard time.

W:What does it have to be about?

M:It's basically just an essay about why 1 want to go to college and what I hope to do there.It’s difficult to write because I don’t know what to major in yet.I know 1 want to go to college；I just don’t have an idea of why 1 want to go.

W:Why not just tell the truth in your:essay?

M:You mean I should write about the fact that I don’t know what to do with my life?

W:Yeah! I mean，I doubt if anyone really knows what career they want to have when they first go to college.You have years to figure that out.

M:I guess I could write about that.

W:What else do you need to do to finish your application?

M:I need two recommendation letters.I asked my English teacher and my math teacher.

Mrs•Watson turned hers in，but I'm waiting on my math teacher I wanted to ask my drama teacher, Mr.Bennett，but I've only had one class with him，so I decided not to.I already turned in my grades and my SAT score.

W:How did you do on the SAT?

M:Not as well as I had hoped.I have really good grades.though.and I'm in all honors classes，so that should help.

【14题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【15题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【16题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

17. Who is Fran Smith?

A. A weather reporter. B. A news host. C. A finance expert.

18. When will the rain stop completely?

A. By Thursday afternoon. B. By Wednesday evening. C. By tonight.

19. What will the weather be like next week?

A. Dry. B. Rainy. C. Foggy.

20. What time of year is it?

A. Spring. B. Summer. C. Fall.

【答案】17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C

【解析】

And that was Fran Smith with the news.Good evening.I’m Elizabeth Johnson here with tonight’s weather report.The rain is continuing!What a surprise!We’re seeing heavy showers，as well as thunder and lightning.There are high winds to the north，with lighter showers in the south.Thankfully the rain should stop completely by Thursday afternoon.If you live by the coast，be careful of large waves.Because of the pressure

system that’s heading in tonight，the sea may be more forceful than usual.I'd suggest staying away from beaches，and please do not head out into the ocean on a boat of any kind.On Friday,we can expect some fog，but by the weekend，we should be seeing some sunny skies and warmer weather.Tonight，we’11 likely h“temperatures in the lower forties.with a high of around sixty-five this weekend.It’s been raining nonstop for the past two weeks, so the break in the weather will be a welcome change.It looks like there won’t be any more rain for the next few weeks，but that could always change.I hope that you are having a great Thanksgiving break,even with the weather. As always，be careful out there on the roads，and if you see or are in an emergency of any kind，call 911 immediately.That’s it for tonight’s weather report.Stay dry out there.Now over to Maria Hill with financial news.

【17题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【18题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【19题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

【20题详解】

此为听力题，解析略。

第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)

第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Eco-friendly Vauban, lied in the southwest part of Germany, has everything－tree-lined streets, perfect houses－but it’s missing one urban feature of the last 100 years or so: the car. And Vauban residents(居民) don’t mind one bit. Vauban doesn’t ban cars entirely. Rather, it just tries to reduce the use of cars by creating “parking-free” and “car-free” living. In Vauban, parking spots are a no-no private property(私人财产). Cars can only be parked in public parking lots, so living without a car saves residents the cost of parking in the public lot. Cars also are prevented from using certain roads and must stick to strict speed limits. With these limitations, fewer than 20 percent of residents own cars. Without cars, bikes are almost religion in this small town. Kids pick them up even before they can ride one. Vauban is about much more than just using two wheels instead of four. In Vauban , residents ride bikes and even receive money from the electric company for selling electricity back to the power grid (电网系统). It’s an environmentally-friendly city of the future, with organically grown food, renewable energy, and carbon-neutral homes. And now, with a population of 5,500, it’s attracting attention from around the world. Can an eco-friendly city like Vauban be a model for Americans to stop their over-reliance on the cars?

Sometimes when I watch a news report what’s in the back of my mind is what isn’t being reported or stressed. While this eco-friendly city is inspiring in that it shows residents getting exercise and fresh air through the majority use of bicycles, as well as good old fashioned walking, common sense would tell you that even for a place like Vauban, Germany, it owes its existence to the cars.

Do you think that bicycles were able to transport all the construction materials that were needed to build and maintain the eco-friendly homes and businesses in Vauban? It took cars to help build this utopia. It’s one of the paradoxes of life that sometimes in order to get away from relying on something like the car, you actually have to rely on that very thing at the beginning and into the foreseeable future to some degree.

I myself haven’t owned a car for more than 14 years, and mostly get around town running, walking, or using public transportation. There are times I wish I had one, since it would make many things easier, but overall I’m glad not to have to deal with the headaches of owning a car, which caused me to get rid of it in the first place. And all the walking and running has helped to keep me fit and healthy.

To get even close to being like eco-friendly Vauban, Americans will need to absolutely change the way they live. Commuting( 乘车上下班) patterns will have to change, public transportation will have to be invested in, and so on. And though ending our love affair with the car will be impossible during my lifetime, we may at least start to see more Vauban-like areas in the USA.

We can hope that Americans will consider using their feet more to get around, cutting down on pollution , and giving themselves some more exercise.

21. Why don’t over 80% of the residents in Vauban own car?

A. The streets there are very narrow B. There are many limitations on the use of cars.

C. The government limits the number of cars. D. Most cars belong to their public property

22. The underlined word “paradoxes” in Paragraph 3 probably means_____.

A. opposite things B. big shortcomings C. great strengths D. firm bases

23. How does the writer feel of not owning a car?

A. Curious B. Proud C. Grateful D. Regretful

【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，在德国的沃班，由于一些严格的限制，只有不到五分之一的居民拥有汽车，这让沃班成为生态环保之城，作者由此认为美国人应该改变生活和交通方式，希望美国也有沃班这样的绿色之都。

【21题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Cars also are prevented from using certain roads and must stick to strict speed limits. With these limitations, fewer than 20 percent of residents own cars. ”可知，在沃班，汽车禁止在某些道路上行驶，而且还有严格的速度限制，正是由于这些限制，只有不到五分之一的居民拥有汽车，故B项正确。

【22题详解】

词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Do you think that bicycles were able to transport all the construction materials that were needed to build and maintain the eco-friendly homes and businesses in Vauban? It took cars to help build this utopia.”可知，自行车不能运输建设和维护沃班生态环保型住宅所需要的建筑材料，它们是靠汽车运输的，此处是说这是生活中的矛盾之一，有时为了摆脱对汽车的依赖，你必须在开始时依赖它，由此可知，画线词词义为“矛盾、对立物”，故A项正确。

【23题详解】

观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中的“but overall I’m glad not to have to deal with the headaches of owning a car, which caused me to get rid of it in the first place. And all the walking and running has helped to keep me fit and healthy.”可知，作者很高兴不必处理拥有一辆车带来的麻烦，而且步行和跑步让他保持健康，由此可知作者很感激没有车给自己带来的好处，故C项正确。

【点睛】词义猜测特的难度较大，对画线词上下文的理解是关键，例如本篇第3题，根据画线词前的“Do you think that bicycles were able to transport all the construction materials that were needed to build and maintain the eco-friendly homes and businesses in Vauban? It took cars to help build this utopia.”可知，自行车不能运输建设和维护沃班生态环保型住宅所需要的建筑材料，它们是靠汽车运输的，有时为了摆脱对汽车的依赖，你必须在开始时依赖它，摆脱和依赖是相互矛盾的，由此可知，画线词词义为“矛盾、对立物”。

B

Augustus Saint-Gaudens and his family immigrated to New York, America, from Dublin, Ireland, in 1848 when he was just six months old. As he grew up, Augustus liked racing his friends around the block, buying candies at the store, especially drawing—drawing pictures of the shoemakers at his father's shoe shop. At the age of 13, his father told him it was time to go to work. Augustus replied, "I should like it if I could do something which would help me to be an artist. " He began as an apprentice to a cameo cutter out of stone and shell, and carved cameos of people, lions, and even the head of Hercules from Greek mythology, when the Civil War had just begun.

At 19, with his earnings and his parents' support, he travelled to Paris and Rome for further training and artistic study. Before he left, he drew a portrait of his mother in pencil and sculpted a small bust(半身像) of his father out of clay. Then, 22-year-old Augustus opened an art studio in Rome and worked on his first life-sized sculpture, called Hiawatha. An art patron was impressed with this sculpture and promised to help Augustus "until your genius and labors shall have met with the reward to which I feel they are entitled".

In 1876, Augustus was chosen to design a monument to the Civil War hero Admiral David Farragut of the U. S. Navy. Completed five years later, when he was 33, his first major sculpture for the U. S. was unveiled at Madison Square in New York City, the sculptor's boyhood home. One art critic called it "the best monument of the kind the city has to show". Then the giant Standing Lincoln in Lincoln Park, Chicago in a setting by architect White, 1884-1887, was considered the finest portrait statue in the U. S.

However, in 1900, aged 52, his doctors told him he had cancer. Even though he was often ill, he continued to work at his home and studio in Cornish, New Hampshire.

In 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt requested that Augustus redesign American coins—to convey the strength of the nation. Augustus made lifelike pencil sketches of his coin designs. Yet, Augustus died in August 1907, two months before his l0-dollar and 20-dollar gold coins were issued. Augustus Saint-Gaudens had fulfilled his dream-and more! He was one of the greatest American sculptors not only of his day but also of all time.

24. What did Augustus like doing as a child?

A. He enjoyed selling candies at the store. B. He enjoyed chasing after his friends at school.

C. He liked drawing pictures of his father's workers. D. He liked going to work as a shoemaker in his father's shop.

25. How did Augustus become a sculptor?

A. He received sponsorship from an art critic.

B. He sculpted a small bust of his parents out of clay.

C. He opened an art studio in Rome and worked on Hiawatha.

D. He learned hard as an apprentice and carved many nice works.

26. When did Roosevelt request Augustus to redesign American coins?

A. At his age of 33. B. At his age of 57. C. At his age of 52. D. At his age of 59.

27. What is the text mainly about?

A. The history of the Civil War. B. The remarkable sculptor's life.

C. The comments on Augustus' works. D. The outstanding sculptor's masterpieces.

【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. B

【解析】

本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了美国杰出的雕刻家Augustus的生平。

【24题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As he grew up, Augustus liked racing his friends around the block, buying candies at the store, especially drawing—drawing pictures of the shoemakers at his father's shoe shop.”可知，Augustus喜欢和朋友们满街区地跑，在商店里买糖果，特别是在爸爸的鞋店里给鞋匠们画画，故C项正确。

【25题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中的“He began as an apprentice to a cameo cutter out of stone and shell, and carved cameos of people, lions, and even the head of Hercules from Greek mythology, when the Civil War had just begun.”可知，他从一个石雕和贝壳雕刻师的学徒开始，雕刻人物、狮子，乃至希腊神话中的大力神的头颅，由此可知，他当学徒时学习很刻苦并雕刻了很多漂亮的作品，故D项正确。

【26题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“However, in 1900, aged 52, his doctors told him he had cancer.”可知，1900年时，Augustus52岁，再结合最后一段中的“In 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt requested that Augustus redesign American coins”可知，1905年，Augustus57岁的时候，罗斯福总统让他重新设计美国钱币，故B项正确。

【27题详解】

主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段中的“He was one of the greatest American sculptors not only of his day but also of all time.”可知，本文主要介绍了美国杰出的雕刻家Augustus的生平，故B项正确。

C

Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperatures（核心体温）in cold winters and warm summers. In addition, people have developed cultural patterns and technologies that help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity（湿度）.

In very cold climates, there is a constant danger of developing hypothermia（低体温）, which is a life threatening drop in core body temperature to below normal levels. The normal temperature for humans is about 37.0°C. However, differences in persons and even the time of day can cause it to be as much as 6°C higher or lower in healthy individuals. It is also normal for core body temperature to be lower in elderly people. Hypothermia begins to occur when the core body temperature drops to 34.4°C. Below 29.4°C, the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails. The rapid decline in core body temperature is likely to result in death. However, there have been rare cases in which people have been saved after their temperatures had dropped to 13.9—15.6°C. This happened in 1999 to a Swedish woman who was trapped under an ice sheet in freezing water for 80 minutes. She was found unconscious, not breathing, and her heart had stopped beating, yet she was eventually saved despite the fact that her temperature had dropped to 13.7°C.

In extremely hot climates or as a result of uncontrollable infections, core body temperatures can rise to equally dangerous levels. This is hyperthermia. Life threatening hyperthermia typically starts in humans when their temperatures rise to 40.6—41.7°C. Only a few days at this extraordinarily high temperature level is likely to result in the worsening of internal organs and death.

28. Why can humans keep stable body temperatures in different seasons?

A. Because their bodies are unusually efficient.

B. Because they experience different climates.

C. Because they can adjust to cultural patterns and technologies.

D. Because they have internal temperature regulating systems.

29. What does Paragraph 2 mainly discuss?

A. The dangerous effects of hypothermia.

B. The change of body temperature.

C. The survival of the Swedish woman.

D. The regulating systems of natural temperature.

30. People are unlikely to survive under the body temperature .

A. higher than 34.4°C B. lower than 29.4°C

C. between 40.6—41.7°C D. between 34.4—37°C

31. What is the best title for the passage?

A. Surviving in an ice trap

B. Getting to know hypothermia

C. Adapting to climate extremes

D. Changing core body temperature

【答案】28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C

【解析】

试题分析：本文主要讲述的是人体内有调节体温的系统，能让人适应不同的外部气温。

【28题详解】

D 细节理解题。根据文章第一句Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperatures（核心体温）in cold winters and warm summers.可知人类保持稳定的核心体温是因为人体内有调节体温的系统。故D正确。

【29题详解】

A 段落大意题。第二段第一句In very cold climates, there is a constant danger of developing hypothermia（低体温）, which is a life threatening drop in core body temperature to below normal levels.中提出低体温对人来说是一大威胁。接下来对这一情况展开说明。可知本段主要讲述的是低体温对人体健康的影响。故A正确。

【30题详解】

B 细节理解题。根据第二段第六句Below 29.4°C, the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails.可知在29.4度以下，人体的温度会迅速下降，因为调节体温的系统已经失灵了，人就很难存活下来。故B正确。

【31题详解】

C 标题概括题。本文主要讲述的是人体内有调节体温的系统，能让人适应不同的外部气温。AB项只涉及低温，D项只提到改变核心体温。C项较为全面地介绍了全文内容。

【名师点睛】

选择“标题”则是让考生给所读的文章选择一个合适的标题。通常标题由一个名词或名词短语充当，用词简短、精练。常见的提问方式有：

1. What would be the best title for the text?

2. Which of the following is the best / most suitable title for this text?

3. The best / most suitable title for this text would be ________.

4. The topic of this passage is _________.

不管是选择“主题”还是选择“标题”，实质上都是要求考生从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线；不管是何种体裁的文章，总是围绕一个主题来展开的。在试题设计上，3个干扰项内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要内容，需要注意甄别。

文章标题的选择或拟定

1. 要在阅读原文的基础上，仔细考虑这句话或短语与文章主题是否有密切的联系；

2. 再看它对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何；

3. 要注意题目是过大还是过小；

4. 要避免下列三种错误：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为人为扩大范围）；③以事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意。

要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方式。一般来说，标题的拟定方式是：以话题为核心，将控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句句意或中心思想的词组。

比如某一文章的中心句子为：Coffee is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world.

话题：Coffee

控制性概念：is a universal drink that is served in different ways around the world 标题：Coffee Around the World。

考点：考查科普说明文阅读

D

No one likes to make mistakes. But a new study says organizations learn more from their failures than from their successes, and keep that knowledge longer.

One of the researchers was Vinit Desai, an assistant professor at the University of Colorado Denver Business School. He worked with Peter Madsen from the Marriott School of Management at Brigham Young University in Utah.

They did not find much long-term "organizational learning" from success. It is possible, they say. But Professor Desai says they found that knowledge gained from failure lasts for years. He says organizations should treat failures as a learning opportunity and not try to ignore them.

The study looked at companies and organizations that launch satellites and other space vehicles. Professor Desai compared two shuttle flights. In two thousand two, a piece of insulating (隔热的) material broke off during launch and damaged a rocket on the Atlantis. Still the flight was considered a success. Then in early two thousand three, a piece of insulation struck the Columbia during launch. This time, the shuttle broke apart on re-entry and the seven crew members died. NASA officials suspended all flights and an investigation led to suggested changes.

Professor Desai says the search for solutions after a failure can make leaders more open-minded. He points to air-lines as an example of an industry that has learned from failures in the past. He advises organizations to look for useful information in small failures and failures they avoided. He also urges leaders to encourage the open sharing of information. The study appeared in the Academy of management Journal.

The mistakes we learn from do not have to be our own. We recently asked people on our Facebook page to tell us a time they had done something really silly. Fabricio Cmino wrote: Not long ago I wanted to watch TV, but it wouldn't turn on, so I did everything I could to start it. Thirty minutes later my mum showed up and, passing by, said to me "Did you try plugging it?" "I'm just dusting, Mum!" So she wouldn’t notice how dumb I am sometimes!

Bruno Kanieski da Silva told about a time he looked everywhere for his key. It was in his pocket. He wrote: I always promise I will never do it again, but after a few weeks, where is my wallet? For sure it will be in a very logical place.

32. What we get from failure differs from that from success is that ________.

A. what we learn from failure is more powerful

B. what we learn from success does no good to us

C. the knowledge gained from failure is important

D. the knowledge gained from failure lasts longer

33. From the passage, we can infer that ________.

A. the insulating material problem in 2002 didn't arouse enough attention

B. there were no astronauts on Columbia

C. in spite of the problem, Atlantis was considered a success

D. Columbia exploded during its launch time

34. The writer gives the last two paragraphs to show that ________.

A. many people make mistakes in the world

B. mistakes were a very embarrassing thing when found by others

C. we can also draw a lesson from others’ mistakes

D. making mistakes was a necessity

35. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Only organizations can learn from mistakes.

B. Failure may result from faults that have been ignored.

C. Lessons from the shuttle flights are more important.

D. Leaders often lack an open mind and seldom share information.

【答案】32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文。没有人喜欢犯错误，但是一项新的研究表明，与成功相比，一个组织机构可以从失败中吸取更多的经验教训，而且这些经验教训能够在更长一段时间里发挥作用。

【32题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段第二句But a new study says organizations learn more from their failures than from their successes, and keep that knowledge longer.可知，最新的研究表明，组织从失败中学到的东西比从成功中多，失败中学到的知识比从成功中学到的知识持续时间长，故选D。

【33题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段中In two thousand two, a piece of insulating(隔热的) material broke off during launch and damaged a rocket on the Atlantis. Still, the flight was considered a success.可知，发射过程中，隔热材料的脱落使火箭遭到了损坏，但那次航天飞行却被认为是成功的，说明隔热材料存在的问题没有引起人们足够的注意，故选A。

【34题详解】

推理判断题。根据第六段中The mistakes we learn from do not have to be our own.可知，人们也可以从他人的错误中吸取教训，第六段其他内容和第七段讲的是这样的两个例子，故选C。

【35题详解】

推理判断题。根据第五段中He advises organizations to look for useful information in small failures and failures they avoided.”可知，Professor Desai建议有关部门从不起眼的小错误或成功避开的错误中寻找有用的信息，说明人们可以从一些未发生的错误中吸取教训，故选B。

【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude indicate等标志性词语。本题第2小题，根据第四段中In two thousand two, a piece of insulating(隔热的) material broke off during launch and damaged a rocket on the Atlantis. Still, the flight was considered a success.”可知，2002年的发射过程中，隔热材料的折断使火箭遭到了损坏，但那次航天飞行却被认为是成功的，说明隔热材料存在的问题没有引起人们足够的注意，故选A。

第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)

根据短文内容， 从段问候的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Have you ever wondered how the trainers at Sea World get the 19,000-pound whale to jump 22 feet out of water and perform tricks? They get that whale to go over a rope farther out of the water than most of us can imagine. ___36___.

So how do the trainers at Sea World do it? The first thing they do is reinforce(强化) the behavior that they want repeated --- in this case, to get the whale to go over the rope.___37___, in a position where the whale can’t help but do what’s expected of it. Every time the whale goes over the rope, it’s given positive reinforcement and gets fed with fish. But what happened when the whale goes under the rope? Nothing — no criticism, no warning and no feedback. ___38___.

Positive reinforcement is the key of that simple principle that produces such splendid results. And as the whale begins to go over the rope more often than under, the trainers begin to raise the rope. It must be raised slowly enough so that the whale doesn’t starve.

___39___. Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently. Secondly, under-criticize. People know they need help when they mess up. ___40___, people will not forget the event and usually will not repeat it.

So we need to set up the circumstances so that people can’t fail. Over-celebrate, under-criticize…and know how far to raise the rope.

A. This is a great challenge

B. And the whale stays right where it is

C. If we figure out a way to motivate the whale

D. They start with the rope below the surface of the water

E. If we under-criticize, punish and discipline less than expected

F. Whales are taught that their negative behavior won’t be acknowledged

G. The simple lesson to be learned from the whale trainers is to over-celebrate

【答案】36. A 37. D

38. F 39. G

40. E

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，用训练员训练鲸鱼的例子告诉我们要营造一个好的环境，让人们可能少地面对失败，就如，大加赞赏、不作批评。

【36题详解】

根据本空前的“Have you ever wondered how the trainers at Sea World get the 19,000-pound whale to jump 22 feet out of water and perform tricks?”可知，你想过海洋世界的训练员是如何让一头重达19,000磅的鲸鱼跳出水面22英尺和表演特技的么？此处承接上文，说的是这并不是简单的事情，故A项（这是一个巨大的挑战）符合语境。

【37题详解】

根据本空前的“The first thing they do is reinforce the behavior that they want repeated --- in this case, to get the whale to go over the rope.”可知，他们做的第一件事就是强化他们想要重复的行为——在这种情况下，让鲸鱼越过绳索，此处承接上文，讲的还是关于绳索的话题，故D项（他们从水面以下的绳索开始）符合语境。

【38题详解】

根据本空前的“But what happened when the whale goes under the rope? Nothing — no criticism, no warning and no feedback.”可知，鲸鱼钻到绳索下面会发生什么呢？没有批评，没有警告，也没有反馈，此处解释没有批评，没有警告，也没有反馈的原因，故F项（因为我们不可能教会鲸鱼承认它们的错误）符合语境。

【39题详解】

根据本空后的“Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently.”可知，让它们多点成功，偶尔有点小失败，故G项（从鲸鱼训练员那里学会的最简单的道理就是大加赞赏）符合语境。

【40题详解】

根据本空后的“people will not forget the event and usually will not repeat it”可知，人们通常不会忘记这件事，通常也不会再犯相同的错误，故E项（如果我们没有过多给予他们预期的批评、惩罚和职责时）符合语境。

【点睛】本篇七选五的难度在于语言不能按字面意思理解，本文以训练员训练鲸鱼为例告诉我们要营造一个好的环境——大加赞赏、不作批评，让人们可能少地面对失败。本篇第4题难度最大，关键在于对“Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently.”这句话的理解，这句话的字面意思是对我们希望不断出现的小事要打架吹捧，而在这里应该理解为让它们多点成功，偶尔有点小失败，强调赞赏的作用，所以此处是说从鲸鱼训练员那里学会的最简单的道理就是大加赞赏。

第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节 完形填空(共20小题； 每小题1.5分， 满分30分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

There was a businessman who was deep in debt and could see no way out.

He sat on the park bench, head in hands,___41___if anything could save his company from bankruptcy.

Suddenly an old man appeared before him. “I can see that something is___42___you.” he said.

After listening to the executive, the old man said: “I believe I can help you.”

He asked the man his name, wrote out a___43___, and pushed it into his hand saying: “Take this money. Meet me here exactly one year from today, and you can pay me back at that time.”

Then he turned and disappeared as___44___as he had come.

The businessman saw in his hand a check for $500,000,___45___by John D. Rockefeller, then one of the richest men in the world!

“I can___46___my money worries in an instant!” he realized. But___47___, he decided to put the uncashed check in his safe. Just knowing it was there might give him the___48___to work out a way to save his business, he thought.

With renewed___49___, he negotiated better deals. Within a few months, he was out of debt and making money once again.

Exactly one year later, he returned to the___50___with the uncashed check. At the___51___time, the old man appeared. But just as the executive was about to___52___the check and share his success story, a___53___came running up and grabbed the old man.

“I’m so delighted I___54___him!” she cried. “I hope he hasn’t been bothering you. He’s___55___escaping from the rest home and telling people he’s John D. Rockefeller.”

And she led the old man away___56___the arm.

The businessman just stood there,___57___.All year long he’d been buying and selling.___58___he had half a million dollars behind him.

Suddenly, he realized that it wasn’t the money, real or___59___, that had turned his life around. It was his___60___self-confidence that gave him the power to achieve anything he went after.

41. A. wondering B. suspecting C. estimating D. hesitating

42. A. attacking B. disturbing C. interrupting D. amusing

43. A. number B. note C. letter D. check

44. A. calmly B. quietly C. quickly D. proudly

45. A. signed B. handed C. drawn D. deposited

46. A. lose B. remove C. face D. ignore

47. A. instead B. therefore C. rather D. meanwhile

48. A. weakness B. belief C. urge D. strength

49. A. creativity B. permission C. optimism D. curiosity

50. A. hospital B. company C. street D. park

51. A. advanced B. appointed C. announced D. delayed

52. A. hand back B. give out C. put out D. turn over

53. A. policeman B. banker C. nurse D. guard

54. A. beat B. cheated C. pushed D. caught

55. A. never B. seldom C. always D. occasionally

56. A. on B. in C. by D. at

57. A. exhausted B. astonished C. disappointed D. excited

58. A. convinced B. informed C. reminded D. warned

59. A. created B. imagined C. discovered D. donated

60. A. long-lost B. non-existent C. ever-lasting D. newly-found

【答案】41. A 42. B 43. D 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. D 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. D 55. C 56. C 57. B 58. A 59. B 60. D

【解析】

文章讲述了一个商人东山再起的故事。一个商人欠下许多债务，他无助地坐在公园里。有一个老人给了他一张50万的支票，让他一年后来还。商人把支票放起来，作为一种精神支持的力量。后来他再次获得了成功，来找那个老人却发现那位老人并非John D. Rockefeller，支票也是假的。原来，并非金钱，而是信心使商人获得了成功。

【41题详解】

考查动词。句意:商人在想是否有什么可以拯救他的公司。wondering 想知道， suspecting 怀疑， estimating 估计，hesitating犹豫，所以选A。

【42题详解】

考查动词。句意：我知道有一些事正在困扰你。attacking 攻击，disturbing 困扰， interrupting 打断，amusing逗乐，所以选B。

【43题详解】

考查名词。句意：老人问了他的名字，开了一张支票。number 数字， note 笔记， letter 信， check支票， 所以选D。

【44题详解】

考查副词。句意：然后他转身消失了，就像他来的时候那么迅速。calmly 平静地， quietly 安静地， quickly迅速地， proudly骄傲地，所以选C。

【45题详解】

考查动词。句意：商人看到手里有一张由John D. Rockefeller 签名的50万的支票。signed 签名， handed 递送，drawn 画，deposited存放，所以选A。

【46题详解】

考查动词。句意：我可以立即去除我的金钱危机。lose 失去， remove 去除，face面对，ignore忽视，所以选B。

【47题详解】

考查副词。句意：但是取而代之的是，他决定把支票放起来。instead 取而代之， therefore 因此， rather 宁愿， meanwhile同时，所以选A。

【48题详解】

考查名词。句意：让支票给他力量，来找到方法拯救公司。weakness 弱点， belief 相信，urge 催促， strength力量， 所以选D。

【49题详解】

考查名词。句意：随着乐观的恢复，他洽谈了更好的生意。creativity 创造力， permission 允许，optimism 乐观， curiosity好奇， 所以选C。

【50题详解】

考查名词。根据He sat on the park bench, head in hands, 可知一年后，那个商人来到那个公园。hospital 医院， company 公司，street 街道， park公园，所以选D。

【51题详解】

考查形容词。句意：在约定好的时间，那个老人出现了。advanced 先进的，appointed 约定的， announced 宣布的， delayed延迟的， 所以选B。

【52题详解】

考查动词短语。句意：正当商人要归还支票时。hand back 归还，give out 分发，put out 熄灭， turn over翻过来，所以选A。

【53题详解】

考查名词。根据He’s___15___escaping from the rest home and telling people he’s John D. Rockefeller. 可知这里意思是一个护士跑过来。policeman 警察， banker 银行家，nurse 护士， guard守卫， 所以选C。

【54题详解】

考查动词。根据a___13___came running up and grabbed the old man. 可知这里意思是很高兴，我抓住了他。beat 打， cheated 欺骗， pushed 推， caught抓住，所以选D。

【55题详解】

考查副词。句意：他总是从疗养院跑出来，告诉别人说他是John D. Rockefeller。never 从不，seldom 很少， always 总是，occasionally偶尔，所以选C。

【56题详解】

考查介词。句意：通过胳膊，她把这个老人带走了。by表示通过……的方式， 所以选C。

【57题详解】

考查形容词。句意：商人站在那里，惊呆了。Exhausted疲惫的，astonished 吃惊的，disappointed失望的，excited激动的，所以选B。

【58题详解】

考查动词。句意：确信自己有五十万。convinced 确信，informed 通知， reminded 提醒，warned警告， 所以选A。

【59题详解】

考查形容词。句意：突然，他意识到并不是金钱，真实的或是想象的，改变了他的生活。created 创造， imagined 想象， discovered 发现，donated捐赠，所以选B。

【60题详解】

考查形容词。句意：而是他新找到的自信给了他实现目标的力量。newly-found新找到的，所以选D。

第II卷(非选择题 共50分)

第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

I was traveling in a small place in New York. That place had no taxi for a short ____61____ (distant). One had to take a rickshaw(人力车).

I called out for an old man in the waiting line. Before I got on the rickshaw, I ____62____ (automatic) asked how much he would charge to take me across to the Mall. I ____63____ (tell) “10 dollars”. Then I started bargaining. He just gave a hard smile and said, “Whatever you feel like, please give me. It is not necessary____64____(bargain) on this small amount.”

I was a bit ashamed at myself and kept quiet while he continued, “____65____(like) those taxis, my vehicle does not run on petrol or diesel(柴油) or even gas;___66___ runs on my sweat. So please give it to me ___67___ a smile, for the money has to feed so many ____68____(hunger) mouths at home.”

When we reached the Mall, I gave him the money and the smile___69___ requested and added a gentle pat on his back. He smiled back as if to give me a receipt and I would preserve his smile for ___70___ long time.

【答案】61. distance 62. automatically 63. was told 64. to bargain 65. Unlike 66. it 67. with 68. hungry 69. as 70. a

【解析】

试题分析：本文属于记叙文，讲述了在纽约乘坐人力三轮车时，车夫的一番话让我感觉他们生活的艰难与不易。

【61题详解】

distance 考查名词。本题横线前面是形容词short，说明横线上应该使用名词，所以使用形容词distant的名词形式distance。

【62题详解】

automatically 考查副词。在英语中副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常做定语或表语。本句中使用副词automatically在句中做状语修饰谓语动词。

【63题详解】

was told 考查时态语态。本句中主语I与动词tell构成被动关系，且根据第一段内容可知本文叙述过去发生的事情，所以本句使用一般过去时的被动语态was told。

【64题详解】

to bargain 考查不定式用法。本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to bargain on this small amount。

【65题详解】

Unlike 考查介词。本句中介词unlike和...不一样；句意：和那些出租车不一样，我的这种车不用汽油，用的我的汗水。

【66题详解】

it 考查代词。在英语中it通常指代上文出现的同一事物，本句中it指代前句中的my vehicle。

【67题详解】

with 考查介词。本句中介词with表示“带着”，表示伴随。请面对微笑把钱给我， 因为这钱要养活很多张饥饿的嘴。

【68题详解】

hungry 考查形容词。在英语中形容词通常做定语修饰名词，或做表语和系动词构成系表结构。本句中使用形容词hungry做定语修饰名词mouths。

【69题详解】

as 考查连词。本句中连词as意为“像...一样”。引导方式状语细节，在后面省略了we were。句意：当我们到达购物中心的时候，像被要求的那样我给了他钱和微笑，并温柔地拍了拍他的后背。

【70题详解】

a 考查固定短语。短语for a long time很长一段时间，该短语在句中作时间状语。

考点：考查语法填空

第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)

第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分)

71.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Dear Jim,

I am writing tell you more about the newly form of bike-sharing mentioning in your latest letter. It’s very much convenient to use if you have a smartphone. That you need is to find the nearest Mobike through the APP. Then you scan the QR code on the bike, but enjoy your trip. Compared with other form of bike-sharing, the greatest advantage of Mobike is that you can easily found one and will never worry about where to park it. It is becoming the new trend as a means of transportation. It relieves the traffic pressure and does better to the environment as well.

Hope to ride a Mobike with yourself in China.

Yours,

Li Hua

【答案】writing后加 to

newly→new

mentioning→mentioned

删掉much

That→What

but→and

form→forms

found→find

the→a

yourself→you

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一封书信，作者向朋友介绍了摩拜单车的特点和使用情况。

【详解】第一处：考查不定式。句意：我写信是想告诉你更多关于你在上封信中所提到的一种新形式的共享单车。此处表示“为了”，应该用不定式作目的状语，故writing后加 to。

第二处：考查形容词。句意参考上题解析，修饰名词form用形容词，故newly改为new。

第三处：考查非谓语动词。句意参考上题解析， a new form of bike-sharing与mention之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，应该用过去分词作后置定语，故mentioning改为mentioned。

第四处：考查副词。句意：如果你有智能手机，使用起来很方便。very much修饰动词，very修饰形容词，故删掉much。

第五处：考查主语从句。句意：你需要做的就是用应用程序找到离你最近的摩拜单车。此处为主语从句，从句中的need缺少宾语，故That改为What。

第六处：考查连词。句意：然后扫描自行车上的二维码，开始你的旅程。此处表示顺承而非转折关系，故but改为and。

第七处：考查名词。句意：与其他形式的共享单车相比，摩拜单车最大的优点是你可以很容易地找到一辆，而且不用担心把它停在哪里。other修饰可数名词复数，故form改为forms。

第八处：考查动词。句意参考上题解析，情态动词can后接动词原形，故found改为find。

第九处：考查冠词。句意：作为一种交通工具，它正在成为一种新趋势。此处表示泛指，故the改为a。

第十处：考查代词。句意：希望和你一起在中国骑摩拜单车。根据句意可知，此处指的是“你”而不是“你自己”，故yourself改为you。

第二节 书面表达(满分25分)

72.假定你是李华, 你的笔友Tom想来中国旅游, 体验中国高铁, 请根据以下内容回一封电子邮件。

1、对于他此行表示欢迎。

2、鉴于中国地域辽阔、人口众多的特点, 简单介绍高铁在中国大城市的施建以及其相比较其它交通方式所有的优势。

参考词汇:高铁ERH或high-speed train.

注意:1、词数100左右；

2、可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。

Dear Tom,

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours faithfully,

Li Hua

【答案】Dear Tom,

Welcome to China! You can’t imagine how delighted I feel when I know that you are traveling in China on CRH. I’m honored to have the chance to introduce CRH to you.

As you know, China is developing in a “high-speed”, CRH has developed rapidly these years due to Chinese vast area and large population. In many cities CRH stations are much closer to our living area, which makes it more convenient to transport people and goods. Compared to buses and planes, people prefer CRH because of its high speed, comfort and safety. So CRH is the best means of transportation in China. It’s wise of you to choose CRH when you travel in China, and you can book a ticket online in advance.

Hope you will enjoy your trip on CRH.

Yours faithfully,

Li Hua

【解析】

【分析】

本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。

【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件；假定你是李华，你的笔友Tom想来中国旅游，体验中国高铁，根据以下内容回一封电子邮件；内容包括对于他此行表示欢迎，鉴于中国地域辽阔、人口众多的特点，简单介绍高铁在中国大城市的施建以及其相比较其它交通方式所有的优势。人称应为第三人称，时态应为一般现在时。

第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：Welcome to China! （热烈来到中国），delighted（高兴的），introduce CRH to you（给你介绍中国高铁），develop rapidly（迅速发展），Chinese vast area and large population（中国地域辽阔、人口众多）等。

第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。

第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。

【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者使用了较多的高级语法句子为文章增色不少，比如宾语从句和时间状语从句You can't imagine how delighted I feel when I know that you are traveling in China on CRH.；非限定性定语从句In many cities CRH stations are much closer to our living area, which makes it more convenient to transport people and goods.；非谓语动词的使用，如Compared to buses and planes，It's wise of you to choose；较好的短语，如be honored to，due to，make it more convenient，because of，be wise of you to，in advance等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。