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2019年11月新闻热词汇总

11月,第二届中国国际进口博览会在上海举行;治疗阿尔茨海默病国产新药通过审批;中国专家将参与巴黎圣母院修复工作;滴滴“顺风车”服务重启;金砖国家领导人会晤在巴西利亚举行;国家卫健委提出将无偿献血纳入个人征信;中共中央、国务院印发了《国家积极应对人口老龄化中长期规划》;教育部出台文件保障教师惩戒权;嫦娥四号任务团队获得英国皇家航空学会2019年度团队金奖;工信部宣布在全国推出携号转网服务。

第二届中国国际进口博览会 the second China International Import Expo (CIIE)

第二届中国国际进口博览会11月5日在上海开幕。

国家展

Covering a total area of 30,000 square meters, the country exhibitions will host 64 countries (including China) and three international organizations, with uniquely designed pavilions to showcase the countries' development achievements, business environment and special industries.国家展总展览面积3万平方米,集中展示各国发展成就、营商环境和特色产业。各国家馆的形象设计独具本国特色,共有64个国家(含中国)、3个国际组织参展。

The 15 guest countries of honor are Cambodia, the Czech Republic, France, Greece, India, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Peru, Russia, Thailand, Uzbekistan, and Zambia.15个主宾国(按英文字母排序)分别是柬埔寨、捷克、法国、希腊、印度、意大利、牙买加、约旦、哈萨克斯坦、马来西亚、秘鲁、俄罗斯、泰国、乌兹别克斯坦和赞比亚。

企业展

Covering 330,000 square meters, the business exhibitions have attracted more than 3,000 companies from over 150 countries and regions.企业展总展览面积33万平方米,来自150多个国家和地区的3000多家企业签约参展。

第二届虹桥国际经济论坛

The second Hongqiao International Economic Forum, under the theme of "Opening-up and Innovation for Win-win Cooperation," includes five parallel sessions and attracts over 4,000 delegates.第二届虹桥国际经济论坛主题为“开放创新、合作共赢”,包括5场分论坛,有4000多名代表参会。

The scale of the second CIIE is larger than the first one, with the total exhibition area rising to 360,000 square meters from 300,000 square meters last year.第二届进博会的规模比第一届更大。首届展览总面积30万平方米,今年达到36万平方米。

A total of 71.13 billion US dollars worth of tentative deals were reached for one-year purchases of goods and services during the second China International Import Expo (CIIE), up 23 percent year on year, Sun Chenghai, deputy director of the CIIE bureau, told a press conference Sunday.中国国际进口博览局副局长孙成海介绍,按一年计,第二届中国国际进口博览会累计意向成交711.3亿美元,比首届增长23%。

Among the expo's diverse displays, 391 new products, technologies and services were launched for the first time on the Chinese mainland or worldwide, he added.多样化的展品中,全球或中国大陆首发新产品、新技术或服务391件。

More than 230 companies from all over the world have signed up for the third CIIE, with their combined exhibition area exceeding 84,000 square meters, according to Sun. Among them are more than 80 Fortune Global 500 companies or industrial leaders, with a total exhibition area of more than 50,000 square meters.截至目前,已有230多家企业签约报名第三届企业展,展览面积超过8.4万平方米。其中,世界500强和龙头企业超过80家,展览面积超过5万平方米。

治疗阿尔茨海默病国产新药 the world's first innovative therapy for treating Alzheimer's disease

A homegrown drug, GV-971,which is the world's first innovative therapy for treating Alzheimer's disease in 17 years will be available to Chinese patients before the end of this year, its developers said on Sunday.11月3日,治疗阿尔茨海默病国产新药——九期一(○内加“R”)(甘露特钠,代号:GV—971)的研发机构表示,该药将在今年年底与国内患者见面,填补了全球阿尔茨海默病治疗领域17年无新药上市的空白。

该药以海洋褐藻提取物为原料(materials extracted from brown algae),制备获得的低分子酸性寡糖化合物,可明显改善轻度至中度阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能(treat mild to moderate forms of the disease and improve cognition)。

Alzheimer's disease, an irreversible and progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory, thinking ability and the capability to carry out simple tasks, affects at least 50 million people worldwide, and the number is expected to increase as populations age.阿尔茨海默病是一种不可逆的、渐进型大脑紊乱病症,会缓慢损坏记忆力、思考能力以及执行简单任务的能力,全世界至少有5000万患者,随着人口老龄化加剧,患者数量还会继续增加。

China has roughly 10 million people with Alzheimer's, the most in the world.我国有阿尔茨海默病患者约1000万人,是世界上患者人数最多的国家。

新药作用机制是什么?

Scientists said the drug functions mainly by rebalancing gut microbiota, reducing neuro-inflammation and reducing cognitive impairment.科学家表示,该药主要通过重塑肠道菌群平衡,减少相关神经炎症的发生,从而改善认知功能障碍。

新药效果如何?

A phase III clinical trial of the drug involving 818 patients completed in July last year had "proven to continuously and effectively improve cognition among mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease sufferers over a period of nine months," said Geng Meiyu, lead researcher on the drug and a researcher with the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Shanghai Institute of Materia Medic.该药主要发明人、中国科学院上海药物研究所研究员耿美玉介绍,“九期一”的3期临床试验研究于去年7月完成了818例受试者的服药观察,在为期36周的试验中,“九期一”能够明显改善轻、中度阿尔茨海默病患者的认知功能障碍。

何时上市?

The first production line for the drug will begin running this week. Patients will be able to buy the drug around the country from Dec 29, and more production lines will gradually be put into operation, which will meet the needs of 2 million patients, according to Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical, one of the drug's developers.该药的研发机构之一、上海绿谷制药有限公司表示,“九期一”将于本周投产第一批,预计12月29日投放至全国。生产企业正在筹建新工厂,建成后可满足每年200万患者用药量的生产、销售。

巴黎圣母院修复工作 restoration work of the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris

Chinese experts will participate in the restoration work of the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, said China's National Cultural Heritage Administration (NCHA). China and France will collaborate on the theme and model of the restoration, and select Chinese experts for the cooperative restoration work in 2020.国家文物局表示,中国专家将参与巴黎圣母院修复工作。中法双方将在2020年确定巴黎圣母院保护修复合作的主题、模式及中方专家人选。

国家文物局局长刘玉珠表示,今年4月巴黎圣母院发生火灾后,中法文化遗产主管部门间多次函件来往(in frequent contact),讨论合作设想。

【知识点】

The church receives almost 13 million visitors each year, more than the Eiffel Tower巴黎圣母院每年接待近1300万游客,高于埃菲尔铁塔的游客量。

A Unesco World Heritage site, it was built in the 12th and 13th centuries这里是联合国教科文组织世界遗产地,始建于12世纪到13世纪。

Several statues of the facade of the Catholic cathedral were removed for renovation巴黎圣母院正面的几座雕像因修缮工程而被移走。

The roof, which has been destroyed by the blaze, was made mostly of wood被大火烧毁的屋顶主要是木制结构。

为何会选中国?

Although the specific themes and time frame for Sino-French cooperation on Notre Dame Cathedral is yet to be formally set out, Chai Xiaoming, director of the Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage, said China can not only contribute general ideas but also detailed technical plans for the upcoming renovation.虽然中法在巴黎圣母院修复合作方面的具体主题和时间框架尚未正式明确,不过,中国文化遗产研究院院长柴晓明表示,在修复工作中,中国在总体理念和具体的技术方案上都能提供帮助。

"China has a great deal of experience in renovating ancient buildings affected by fire, especially ones made of wood," Chai tells China Daily. "This means we could offer suggestions on how to approach the renovation of the oak-framed roof on Notre Dame Cathedral."

中国在修复火灾受损的古建筑,尤其是木制建筑方面有大量经验,这意味着我们可以在如何修复巴黎圣母院橡木结构屋顶这个问题上提供建议。

拓展中法文化遗产合作的深度

The two sides will also launch science and technology exchanges and training programs on the protection of the Terracotta Warriors in the northwestern Chinese city of Xi'an, according to the document.文件还明确中法双方将就陕西秦始皇陵兵马俑保护开展技术与科学交流及培训项目。

刘玉珠表示:

The Terracotta Warriors and Notre Dame are the most important symbols among the UNESCO World Heritage sites of China and France respectively. This collaboration shows our established relationship and highlights the mutual trust between the two countries.秦始皇陵兵马俑和巴黎圣母院是中法两国最重要的联合国教科文组织世界遗产。这次合作体现了双方信任程度和合作深度。

The project will greatly expand the horizons of Sino-French cooperation in terms of cultural heritage. It will set a good example to the world.该修复项目将极大拓展中法文化遗产合作的深度,在世界范围内产生积极示范效应。

顺风车 hitchhike ride

The trial of the hitchhiking service will start in the cities of Harbin, Taiyuan, Shijiazhuang and Changzhou from Nov 20 and cover Shenyang, Beijing and Nantong from Nov 29, Didi said.滴滴表示,顺风车服务将于11月20日起在哈尔滨、太原、石家庄以及常州,11月29日起在沈阳、北京和南通开始试运营。

顺风车(ride sharing/hitchhiking service)只是网约车平台提供的众多服务之一,其他还包括专车(tailored taxi service)、快车(fast ride)、出租车(taxi hailing)、单车(bike sharing)、代驾(chauffeuring)、自驾租车(car rental)等。

方案提到,试运营期间,将在上述7个城市首先提供5时至23时(女性5时至20时)、市内中短途(50公里以内)的顺风车平台服务。试运营期间,不收取信息服务费。

不过,方案中关于女性乘客使用时间问题却引发了争议。

当天下午,滴滴回应称:

The relaunch is only a trial in limited regions, and that the hitchhiking service will continue to improve in line with feedback from the public.目前公布的是顺风车小范围试运行方案,未来正式上线的方案,将根据社会各方的意见反馈不断完善。

11月7日晚,滴滴发布公告决定对顺风车试运营规则进行调整。

The company said that it would offer Hitch service from 5 am to 8 pm for all users during the trial period.滴滴表示,试运营期间,对所有顺风车用户提供服务的时间均调整为5时-20时。

"The change of the service time to between 5 am to 8 pm might not be the perfect solution. But it's the optimal choice after taking all conditions into consideration," the company said in a statement.该公司在声明中表示,“试运营时间调整为5点至20点一定不是最完美的方案,但确实是我们在各种条件下权衡做出的选择。”

至于为何不将服务时间统一调整至23时,滴滴在公告中也进行了解释。

The company said it had considered prolonging the Hitch service to passengers of both genders until 11 pm. But it said that during the time it was operating Hitch, it had seen a big increase in passenger complaints after 8 pm, so it decided on the more conservative operating hours for the test period.滴滴表示,也曾考虑过将运营时间统一调整为23点,但是根据顺风车过往安全投诉数据统计,20点以后的乘客投诉数量会激增,因此决定在试运营期间采用更加保守的方案。

全国人口普查 national census

China plans to conduct its seventh national census in 2020, the State Council announced Friday. The census, to begin on Nov 1, 2020, will survey the amount, structure and distribution of the population, as well as rural and urban housing situation, according to a notice issued by the State Council.国务院11月8日发布通知,我国将于2020年开展第七次全国人口普查。普查将于2020年11月1日开始,全面查清我国人口数量、结构、分布、城乡住房等方面情况。

【知识点】

全国人口普查(national census)是指在国家统一规定的时间内(within a defined period),按照统一的方法、统一的项目、统一的调查表和统一的标准时点(using the same method, categories and survey forms at a set time),对全国人口普遍地、逐户逐人地进行的一次性调查登记。

普查对象是普查标准时点在中华人民共和国境内的自然人(the natural persons living within the territory of the People's Republic of China on the standard time point of census)以及在中华人民共和国境外但未定居的中国公民(the Chinese citizens who are outside the territory of the People's Republic of China but have not become permanent residents of the other country),不包括在中华人民共和国境内短期停留的境外人员(foreigners who are making a short-term stay within the territory of the People's Republic of China shall be excluded)。

普查的内容包括姓名(name)、公民身份号码(ID number)、性别(gender)、年龄(age)、民族(ethnicity)、受教育程度(education background)、行业(industry)、职业(profession)、迁移流动(migration)、婚姻生育(marriage and childbearing status)、死亡(death)、住房情况(housing situation)等。

【小百科】

除了全国人口普查以外,还有全国经济普查和全国农业普查。

全国经济普查(national economic census)是国家为全面详细了解我国二、三产业(secondary and tertiary industries)发展状况而统一组织的一项重大国情国力调查,是国家为摸清“家底”、掌握国情国力而采取的有效方法。全国经济普查每5年进行一次。除第一次全国经济普查国务院确定在2004年实施外,以后均在逢3、逢8的年份实施。

全国农业普查(national agricultural census)是按照国家规定的统一方法、统一时间、统一表式和统一内容,主要采取普查人员直接到户、到单位访问登记的办法,全面收集农村(rural areas)、农业(agriculture)和农民(farmers)有关情况,为研究制定农村经济社会发展规划(rural social and economic development plan)和新农村建设政策(policies on building of new countryside)提供依据,为农业生产经营者和社会公众提供统计信息服务。农业普查在中国每十年进行一次。我国已经成功进行过三次全国农业普查,分别在1997年、2007年和2017年。

通知明确,要建立健全普查数据质量追溯和问责机制(a data quality-tracking and accountability mechanism),各级人民政府统计机构要加大对普查工作中违纪违法行为的查处和通报曝光力度(toughen the punishment of illegal acts during the census),坚决杜绝人为干扰普查工作的现象,确保普查工作顺利进行和普查数据真实准确。要全流程加强对公民个人信息的保护,各级普查机构及其工作人员必须严格履行保密义务,严禁向任何机构、单位、个人泄露或出售公民个人信息(no one is allowed to leak or sell personal information to any institution, unit or individual)。

圈养大熊猫 captive pandas

A total of 60 captive panda cubs were born, 57 of which survived this year, leading to a captive panda population of 600 worldwide, China's National Forestry and Grassland Administration said Tuesday.国家林草局11月12日表示,2019年共繁殖大熊猫60只,存活57只,全球圈养大熊猫数量达到600只。

【单词讲解】

我们知道这里的cub指的是熊猫“幼崽”,其实,这个词可以用来指代好几种动物的“幼崽”,比如:leopard(豹)、lion(狮子)、tiger(虎)等。此外,还有一些常见动物的“幼崽”表达方式,我们也来了解一下:

sheep(绵羊)--lamb

pig(猪)--piglet/ porkling / gilt

horse(马)--foal / colt / filly

goat(山羊)--kid

goose(鹅)--gosling

duck(鸭)--duckling

dog(狗)--puppy

cat(猫)--kitten

The rising number of captive pandas showed that a healthy, dynamic and sustainable captive panda population has basically taken shape, according to the administration, adding research on wild giant pandas is also making progress.

国家林草局指出,圈养大熊猫种群数量再创新高,健康、有活力、可持续发展的圈养种群已基本形成。以此为基础,大熊猫野化放归研究工作也正稳步开展。

There are fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the wild, mostly in the provinces of Sichuan and Shaanxi.目前,野外生存的大熊猫不到2000只,大部分生活在四川和陕西省。

马首铜像 bronze horse-head statue

A red bronze horse-head statue was donated back by Macao-based tycoon and collector Stanley Ho Hung-sun and handed over to the National Cultural Heritage Administration in Beijing on Wednesday.11月13日,澳门商人及收藏家何鸿燊捐赠马首铜像,使其“返乡”,马首将划归北京圆明园管理处收藏。

圆明园兽首铜像原为圆明园海晏堂外喷泉的一部分。这十二尊生肖兽首铜像(the bronze statues in the form of 12 Chinese Zodiac Signs)铸造于乾隆年间,由当时的宫廷西洋画师意大利人郎世宁主持设计,宫廷匠师制作。兽首铜像铸造完成后,呈“八”字形分列在喷水池两旁的人身石台上,每个动物就是一个喷泉机关(fountain switch)。

These animal-head taps took turns to spray water during different hours within a day, at noon, a salvo would happen.每天,十二生肖兽首铜像依次喷水,分别代表全日不同时分。正午时分,十二兽首会同时喷水。

The invading Anglo-French Alliance Forces rampaged through the Old Summer Palace and set it on fire in 1860. Numerous national treasures, including the 12 animal-head statues, were taken abroad in the havoc.1860年英法联军侵入北京,圆明园惨遭劫掠焚毁,很多国宝级文物及12生肖兽首铜像一同流失海外。

返乡之路

2007年8月,国家文物局获悉圆明园马首铜像即将在香港苏富比拍卖有限公司拍卖,并第一时间表达了终止公开拍卖的坚定立场和促成文物回归的良好意愿,香港苏富比公司对此给予积极配合。

Ho spent HK$ 69.1 million ($8.8 million) to buy the statue in September 2007, and publicly exhibited it in Hong Kong and Macao promoting patriotism and people's consciousness protecting cultural relics.2007年9月,何鸿燊以6910万港元拍下马首铜像,并在港澳地区公开展出,希望借此带动更多人参与保护中国文物的工作,共同宣扬爱国爱民族意识。

Ho decided to donate it back to the mainland on 20th anniversary of Macao's return to China, after he contacted the National Cultural Heritage Administration, which said the statue will be given back to the Yuanmingyuan administration.为庆祝澳门回归20周年,何鸿燊联系国家文物局,决定将马首铜像捐赠给国家,国家文物局表示,将马首铜像划拨北京市圆明园管理处收藏。

高空抛物 high-rise littering

Acts of deliberately throwing objects from a high altitude will be treated as a crime of endangering public safety by dangerous means, intentional injury or intentional homicide depending on specific situations, according to a new guideline issued by the Supreme People's Court.最高法发布的意见明确,对于故意高空抛物的,根据具体情形按照以危险方法危害公共安全罪、故意伤害罪或故意杀人罪论处。

意见规定,

故意从高空抛弃物品,尚未造成严重后果,但足以危害公共安全的(intentional high-rise littering activities that have not caused serious consequences but are sufficient to endanger public safety),依照刑法第一百一十四条规定的以危险方法危害公共安全罪定罪处罚;

致人重伤、死亡或者使公私财产遭受重大损失的(those who inflict serious injury or death on people or cause heavy losses of public or private property),依照刑法第一百一十五条第一款的规定处罚。

为伤害、杀害特定人员实施上述行为的(anyone who commits the acts with the purpose of injuring or killing a specific person),依照故意伤害罪、故意杀人罪定罪处罚。

意见明确提出,依法从重惩治高空抛物犯罪。具有下列情形之一的,应当从重处罚,一般不得适用缓刑:

多次实施的(repeatedly committing the acts);

经劝阻仍继续实施的(continuing to carry out such acts after being dissuaded from doing so);

受过刑事处罚或者行政处罚后又实施的(committing the acts after receiving criminal or administrative punishment);

在人员密集场所实施的(conducting the acts in crowded places);

其他情节严重的情形。

意见规定,过失导致物品从高空坠落,致人死亡、重伤(anyone who causes objects to fall from high altitudes due to negligence, resulting in serious injury or death),符合刑法第二百三十三条、第二百三十五条规定的,依照过失致人死亡罪(manslaughter)、过失致人重伤罪(severe injury due to negligence)定罪处罚。在生产、作业中违反有关安全管理规定,从高空坠落物品,发生重大伤亡事故或者造成其他严重后果的,依照刑法第一百三十四条第一款的规定,以重大责任事故罪(crime of major accident liability)定罪处罚。

金砖国家新工业革命伙伴关系 BRICS partnership on new industrial revolution

President Xi Jinping on Wednesday called on the business circles to actively participate and promote BRICS economic cooperation so as to make tangible contributions to economic growth and job creation. Xi made the remarks when addressing the closing ceremony of the BRICS business forum in the Brazilian capital.当地时间11月13日,金砖国家工商论坛闭幕式在巴西利亚举行。国家主席习近平出席并发表讲话。习近平指出,希望工商界朋友们踊跃参与和推动金砖国家经济合作,为促进增长、创造就业作出实实在在的贡献。

【重要讲话】

金砖国家新工业革命伙伴关系是下阶段金砖经济合作的一个重要抓手。要敢于先行先试,将企业合作同新工业革命伙伴关系结合起来,争取在创新、数字经济、绿色经济等领域拿出更多亮眼成果,助力五国经济实现高质量发展。

The BRICS partnership on new industrial revolution is vital to BRICS economic cooperation at the next stage, the business sector should integrate business cooperation with the BRICS partnership on new industrial revolution, and produce more spotlight results in such areas as innovation, digital economy and green economy so as to promote high-quality development of BRICS economies.

——2019年11月13日,习近平出席金砖国家工商论坛闭幕式并发表讲话

世界一流港口 world-class ports

Nine government agencies including the Ministry of Transport and the National Development and Reform Commission released a guideline to accelerate the building of world-class ports. By 2035, major ports should advance to world-class levels and by 2050, several world-class port clusters should be formed, with leading development levels, according to the guideline.交通运输部、国家发改委等9个部门联合印发《关于建设世界一流港口的指导意见》。《意见》提出,到2035年,主要港口总体达到世界一流水平;到2050年,形成若干个世界级港口群,发展水平位居世界前列。

【重要讲话】

海洋是高质量发展战略要地。要加快建设世界一流的海洋港口、完善的现代海洋产业体系、绿色可持续的海洋生态环境,为海洋强国建设作出贡献。

The oceans are strategically important to high-quality development. We should speed up the progress in the construction of world-class sea ports, a well-established modern maritime industry system, and a green and sustainable marine ecological environment to push for the building of a maritime power.

——2018年3月8日,习近平在参加十三届全国人大一次会议山东代表团审议时强调

大风 strong gale

Beijing Municipal Meteorological Center issued a yellow gale alert from Sunday afternoon to noon on Monday. The capital will experience strong winds of up to 88 kilometers per hour, and its lowest temperature will reach around minus 4 C in the following days.北京市气象台发布11月17日下午至18日中午的大风黄色预警,在此期间,北京市将有时速88公里的大风(即9级大风),之后几天的最低气温将降至零下4度左右。

【小百科】

气象学上划分风力等级的方法由爱尔兰人法兰西·蒲福海军上将在1805年左右制定,因此被称为“蒲福氏风级(Beaufort Scale)”。按强弱,将风力划为“零”至“十二”,共十三个等级。

0--无风,Calm,风速小于1km/h

1--轻微/微风/软风,Light air,风速1-5km/h

2--轻微/微风/轻风,Light breeze,风速6-11km/h

3--和缓/温和/微风,Gentle breeze,风速12-19km/h

4--和缓/和风,Moderate breeze,风速20-28km/h

5--清劲/清风,Fresh breeze,风速29-38km/h

6--强风,Strong breeze,风速39-49km/h

7--强风/疾风,Near gale,风速50-61km/h

8--烈风/大风,Gale,风速62-74km/h

9--烈风,Strong gale,风速75-88km/h

10--暴风/狂风,Storm,风速89-102km/h

11--暴风,Violent storm,风速103-117km/h

12--飓风,Hurricane,风速118-133km/h

On Sunday afternoon, the National Meteorological Center issued a blue alert for gales in central and eastern China and a yellow alert for snowstorms in the northeastern provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang.11月17日下午,中央气象台发布中东部大风蓝色预警以及东北地区吉林和黑龙江暴雪黄色预警。

The cold front will continue to affect central and eastern China in the next two days, causing the temperature to drop by 6 to 10 C.未来两天,冷空气还将影响中东部地区,气温将下降6到10摄氏度。

【词汇讲解】

人们通常用cold snap、cold wave、cold front、cold spell来表达寒潮。寒潮是指strong cold air(强冷空气)由亚洲大陆西部或西北部侵袭中国时的强降温天气过程,一般多发生在秋末、冬季、初春时节。

当范围很大的cold air mass(冷气团)聚集到一定程度,就会大规模向南入侵,形成寒潮天气。寒潮地面高压的前端一般都有一条cold front(冷锋)。寒潮过后,当地会受low pressure area(低气压)控制。

大风降温天气,大家要注意保暖、补水保湿,这份降温“自保”攻略请收好。

口罩加身(use face masks),保暖防病:口罩是必不可少的防寒工具,既可以有效防止灰尘、浮沉侵袭肌肤,又可以防止被凛冽的寒风吹得生疼。

温水洗脸(wash face with warm water),多喝热水:洗脸水温控制在20-37℃,选用保湿效果较好的护肤品。多喝热水,每天的饮水量因人而异,但“多喝热水”在大风降温的时候,绝不是敷衍。

戴上护膝(protect knees),保护关节:很多人会在大风天气时感到关节疼痛,不妨戴上护膝、护腕,保护关节。

开窗换气(ventilation),以适温差:室内外温差过大会导致疾病高发,可以视外面空气情况,每天开窗通风两次,每次30分钟左右。

穿衣适度(wrap up properly),增强免疫力:在保证身体不冷的前提下,不宜捂得过严,捂出汗反而会降低免疫力。

走私违禁物品 smuggling of banned substances

The judicial interpretation offers guidelines and criteria for imposing penalties in cases involving the smuggling and illegal sale of banned substances. The judicial interpretation will take effect on Jan 1, 2020.根据司法实践情况,该司法解释对违禁物品走私、非法销售等行为的定罪量刑提供了指导意见及标准。该解释自2020年1月1日施行。

司法解释(judicial interpretation)是司法机关对法律、法规(法令)的进一步明确界限所做的补充规定。

该司法解释主要明确了以下内容:

一是加强源头管理。

Those who involve in illegal selling of banned substances stipulated in laws and administrative regulations will be subject to criminal punishment for illegal business operations.非法经营兴奋剂目录所列物质,涉案物质属于法律、行政法规规定的限制买卖的物品的,可以非法经营罪定罪处罚。

二是惩治非法使用行为。

Those who force, organize, lure or cheat minors or people with disabilities under their guardianship into using performance-enhancing drugs in sports activities and harm physical and mental health of the latter will face criminal penalty for maltreatment.组织、强迫、引诱、欺骗未成年人、残疾人在体育运动中非法使用兴奋剂,严重损害未成年人、残疾人身心健康的,以虐待被监护、看护人罪定罪处罚。

In the athletic test section of national-level examinations, including the college entrance examination and the civil servant examination, those who organize the doping of candidates will be penalized in accordance with the standards employed for those found guilty of the crime of cheating on exams, according to the interpretation.在普通高等学校招生、公务员录用等法律规定的国家考试涉及的体育、体能测试等体育运动中,组织考生非法使用兴奋剂的,以组织考试作弊罪定罪处罚。

三是压实监管责任。

For those who work in state organs or anti-doping agencies but abuse their power or fail to do their job when performing anti-doping duties, causing serious doping violations, seriously damaging the national reputation or causing negative social influence, they will be punished in accordance with the standards for the crimes of abuse of power and dereliction of duty, it said.国家机关工作人员以及行使反兴奋剂管理职权单位的工作人员,在行使反兴奋剂管理职权时滥用职权或者玩忽职守,造成严重兴奋剂违规事件,严重损害国家声誉或者造成恶劣社会影响的,以滥用职权罪、玩忽职守罪定罪处罚。

世界医学院校名录 World Directory of Medical Schools

近日,变更后的《世界医学院校名录》(WDMS)中不再包括北京中医药大学、上海中医药大学、天津中医药大学、辽宁中医药大学、贵州中医药大学、山西中医药大学、黑龙江中医药大学、云南中医药大学等8所中医药大学。该消息在网上引发关注。

The Ministry of Education on Monday dismissed worries that the removal of eight universities specializing in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from the World Directory of Medical Schools would affect graduates' ability to obtain medical licenses.11月18日,教育部对网友的担忧回应称,这8所学校不在《世界医学院校名录》中并不会影响这些学校的毕业生获取医师资格。

【知识点】

《世界医学院校名录(World Directory of Medical Schools)》最早在1953年由世界卫生组织出版,2007年8月起,交由世界医学教育联合会(the World Federation for Medical Education,WFME)管理。2014年4月,旧版的《世界医学院校名录》跟国际医学教育和研究促进基金会(the Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research,FAIMER)出版的《国际医学教育名录(International Medical Education Directory)》合并成为如今的《世界医学院校名录》。名录会列出医学院校的基本信息、联系方式、附属机构、课程安排以及招生情况,旨在为有意就读医科的学生、医疗监管机构、公众以及研究人员提供医科院校的各方面信息。

《世界医学院校名录》官网信息表示,列入该名录的学校并不代表被该名录或者合作机构认可、认证或背书(the listing of a medical school in the World Directory of Medical Schools does not denote recognition, accreditation, or endorsement by the World Directory of Medical Schools or by its partner organizations)。

The ministry said TCM universities are important parts of China's medical colleges and universities, and TCM graduates have the qualifications to get their degrees and attend medical licensing examinations based on relevant laws.

教育部表示,中医药院校是中国高等医学院校不可或缺的重要组成部分,按照国家相关法律规定,中医药院校的毕业生有资格获得相应的学位,并参加执业医师资格考试。

Such a fact will not be changed or influenced by a decision made by a nongovernmental organization to remove them from its directory, the ministry said.这一事实,不会因为一个非政府组织管理的院校名录没有收录这些中医药院校而受到影响、发生改变。

无偿献血 voluntary blood donations

近日,国家卫健委会同多部门印发了《关于进一步促进无偿献血工作健康发展的通知》,提出建立无偿献血激励机制。

The document urged the incorporation of voluntary blood donations into the social credit system across the nation, and the establishment of an incentive mechanism that provides donors with preferential treatment in using communal facilities or visiting government-run parks.通知提出,各地应探索将无偿献血纳入社会征信系统,建立无偿献血激励机制,对献血者使用公共设施、参观游览政府办公园等提供优惠待遇。

在提升血站服务水平方面,通知要求,探索建立“互联网+无偿献血(Internet Plus voluntary blood donation)”服务模式,为献血者提供个性化服务(provide personalized services for blood donors)。

The current preferential policy for voluntary blood donors should be improved so that when they or their immediate family members are discharged from the hospital, they could receive a deduction or exemption of blood fees more conveniently.完善无偿献血者优惠待遇流程,使献血者及直系亲属出院时减免用血费用流程更加便利。

通知提出,应持续提升血液安全。指导血站建立健全质量安全管理体系(blood safety management),完善高危献血者屏蔽和淘汰制度,健全血液预警机制。相关部门要根据当地传染病流行情况,完善血液筛查策略(improve blood screening strategies based on the local epidemic situation)。

通知称,要提升贫困地区血液保障能力(blood supply and security capacity should also be improved in poverty-stricken areas)。将提升贫困地区血液供应保障能力作为完善血液供应体系、保障民众生命健康权益的重要内容,加大贫困地区采供血网络建设力度。

对于无偿献血纳入社会征信,很多网友表示,献血与个人信用并没有多大关系。

光明网就此发表评论表示,社会征信体系的使用,仍然需要遵循严格的使用边界(there should be a clear boundary where social credit system is applied),它并不是一个什么都能装的筐。严格来说,只有那些跟公民信用紧密相关的项目,才能够纳入其中(only acts closely linked to personal credit should be taken into social credit system)。像无偿献血这种善举,尽管有很强的公益性,值得鼓励推广,但未必就关乎个人信用。

A voluntary blood donor may refuse to pay his/her debt, while someone who doesn't participate in blood donation may have a perfect credit record.一个献血的人同样可能赖账,一个不献血的人,也可能和失信完全不搭边。

人口老龄化 population aging

近日,中共中央、国务院印发了《国家积极应对人口老龄化中长期规划》(以下简称《规划》)。《规划》近期至2022年,中期至2035年,远期展望至2050年,是到本世纪中叶我国积极应对人口老龄化的战略性、综合性、指导性文件。

The plan requires establishing the basic institutional framework for tackling population aging by 2022. By the middle of the century, a mature institutional arrangement that meets the needs of a great modern socialist country should be put into place.《规划》明确,到2022年,我国积极应对人口老龄化的制度框架初步建立;到本世纪中叶,与社会主义现代化强国相适应的应对人口老龄化制度安排成熟完备。

【知识点】

人口老龄化(population aging)是世界各国都在面临的一个社会现象。联合国《2019世界人口展望》的数据显示:

By 2050, one in six people in the world will be over age 65 (16%), up from one in 11 in 2019 (9%). By 2050, one in four persons living in Europe and Northern America could be aged 65 or over.

到2050年,65岁以上人口占全世界总人口的比例将由2019年的9%上升到16%,欧美地区65岁以上人口将占该地区总人口的四分之一。

In 2018, for the first time in history, persons aged 65 or above outnumbered children under five years of age globally. The number of persons aged 80 years or over is projected to triple, from 143 million in 2019 to 426 million in 2050.

2018年,全世界65岁以上人口的总数首次超过5岁以下人口总数。预计到2050年,80岁以上人口总数将是2019年的三倍,由1.43亿增加至4.26亿。

《规划》从5个方面部署了应对人口老龄化的具体工作任务。

一是夯实应对人口老龄化的社会财富储备。

It calls for improving the national income distribution system, steadily increasing the pension reserves and establish a fairer and more sustainable social security system.通过完善国民收入分配体系,稳步增加养老财富储备,健全更加公平更可持续的社会保障制度。

二是改善人口老龄化背景下的劳动力有效供给。

This requires improving the quality of new members of the labor force, establishing a lifelong learning system for senior citizens, and striving to achieve fuller employment and create better quality jobs.通过提升新增劳动力质量、构建老有所学的终身学习体系,实现更高质量和更加充分就业。

三是打造高质量的为老服务和产品供给体系。

A high-quality health service system including health education, disease prevention and treatment, rehabilitation nursing, long-term nursing and hospice care should be established, according to the plan.建立和完善包括健康教育、预防保健、疾病诊治、康复护理、长期照护、安宁疗护的高质量老年健康服务体系。

四是强化应对人口老龄化的科技创新能力。

The plan also values the application of technology in responding to population aging including strengthening the development of assistive technologies for senior citizens.加大老年健康科技支撑力度,加强老年辅助技术研发和应用。

五是构建养老、孝老、敬老的社会环境。

It also calls for fostering a social environment in which senior citizens are respected, cared for, and live happily in their later years. The legal system will be improved to protect the lawful rights and interests of senior citizens.建设养老、敬老、让老人安度晚年的社会环境,强化应对人口老龄化的法治环境,保障老年人合法权益。

教育惩戒 school discipline

为保障和规范教师依法履行教育、管理学生的职责,维护师道尊严,促进学生全面发展、健康成长,教育部近日对外发布《中小学教师实施教育惩戒规则(征求意见稿)》,公众可于2019年12月22日前提出反馈意见。

The regulation prohibits punishments that directly cause physical pain to students, such as hitting and poking with sharp objects, and punishments that violate students' dignity, such as insults and discriminatory or insulting words and acts.该规则禁止教师以击打、刺扎等方式,实施直接造成身体痛苦的体罚行为,以及辱骂或者以带有歧视、侮辱的言行贬损等侵犯学生人格尊严的行为。

【名词解释】

本规则所称教育惩戒(school discipline),是指教师和学校在教育教学过程和管理中基于教育目的与需要,对违规违纪、言行失范的学生进行制止、管束或者以特定方式予以纠正(to stop, discipline or correct in certain way the students whose behavior is inappropriate or breaks rules and regulations),使学生引以为戒,认识和改正错误的职务行为。

直接造成身体痛苦的体罚行为在英语里叫corporal punishment或physical punishment。

征求意见稿指出,教师实施教育惩戒,应当遵循育人为本、合法合规、过罚适当、保障安全的原则,并根据学生违规违纪行为采取一般惩戒、较重惩戒、严重惩戒等惩戒行为。

一般惩戒

教师在课堂教学、日常管理中,根据学生违规违纪情形,可以采取以下方式当场进行教育惩戒:

(一)点名批评(name and shame);

(二)责令赔礼道歉、做口头或者书面检讨(make oral or written apology);

(三)适当增加运动要求(do additional physical exercise);

(四)不超过一节课堂教学时间的教室内站立或者面壁反省(forced standing that lasts no longer than one class session);

(五)暂扣学生用以违反纪律、扰乱秩序或者违规携带的物品(confiscate objects that were used in disturbing activities);

(六)课后留校教导(keep them at school for further discipline);

(七)学校校规规定的其他适当措施。

较重惩戒

学生违反校规校纪,情节较重或者经现场教育惩戒拒不改正的,教师经学校德育工作负责人同意,可以实施以下教育惩戒措施,并应当通知家长:

(一)暂停或者限制学生参加课程表以外的游览、社会实践以及其他外出集体活动(extracurricular activities suspended);

(二)承担校内公共服务任务(perform public service on campus);

(三)由学校学生德育工作负责人予以训导(disciplined by teachers in charge of moral education);

(四)在学校设置的专门教育场所隔离反省或者接受专门的校规校纪、行为规则教育(isolated for discipline);

(五)要求家长到校陪读(presence of parents required);

(六)学校校规规定的其他适当措施。

严重惩戒

学生违规违纪、行为失范,屡教不改的,或者严重影响教育教学秩序的,或者有欺凌同学、辱骂殴打教师等恶劣情节的,教师应当提请学校采取以下措施进行教育惩戒:

(一)给予不超过一周的停课或者停学,要求家长带回配合开展教育(suspended from school for no more than one week);

(二)由法治副校长或法治辅导员予以训诫(disciplined by vice headmaster in charge of school governance);

(三)安排专门的教育场所,由专业人员进行辅导、矫治(go through correction session at a designated place);

(四)改变教育环境或者限期转学(transfer to another school within a limited period of time);

(五)学校校规规定的其他适当措施。

嫦娥四号任务团队 Chang'e 4 Lunar Landing Mission Team

当地时间11月25日,英国皇家航空学会2019年度颁奖典礼在英国伦敦举行,中国嫦娥四号任务团队获得本年度团队金奖。

The Team Gold Medal presented to China's Chang'e 4 Lunar Landing Mission Team is the first award ever that was presented to a team from China by the Royal Aeronautical Society (RAeS) since its inception 153 years ago.中国嫦娥四号任务团队获得的团队金奖是英国皇家航空学会成立153年来首次向中国项目颁发的奖项。

【知识点】

英国皇家航空学会(the Royal Aeronautical Society,RAeS)成立于1866年,是国际上历史悠久的航空航天专业组织,该学会设立年度奖项,旨在表彰世界范围内在航空航天领域取得杰出成就的团队和个人(leaders in aviation and aerospace recognized for their significant contributions)。

嫦娥四号任务团队为啥得奖?

英国皇家航空学会奖项委员会主席比尔·特雅克(Bill Tyack)指出:

The team earned the Team Gold Medal for its outstanding achievement of the first soft landing on the far side of the moon.嫦娥四号首次在月球背面实现软着陆,这是了不起的成就,获得团队金奖实至名归。

Another first for the mission was the release of a piggyback microsatellite during the Earth-moon transfer orbit, which orbited the moon for astronomical observation.该任务团队实现的另一个第一次是在地月转移轨道期间发射搭载的微卫星,沿月球轨道进行天文观测。

中国探月工程总设计师吴伟仁院士率嫦娥四号任务团队代表,受邀参加了此次颁奖典礼。吴伟仁表示:

The award is a testimony of increasing international recognition of China's lunar exploration project and its overall aerospace development.这个奖项说明中国的探月工程以及整体的航天事业发展正逐步受到国际社会的认可。

Space exploration is a common aspiration shared by humankind, which is very significant for the future of human society. Therefore, we expect more international cooperation to jointly explore outer space and pursue scientific discoveries.太空探索是全人类共同的梦想,对人类社会未来的发展至关重要。因此,我们希望有更多的国际合作,共同助力人类太空探索与科学发现。

嫦娥四号成绩单亮眼

The Chang'e-4 probe made the first-ever soft landing on the Von Karman Crater in the South Pole-Aitken Basin on the far side of the moon on Jan 3, 2019.2019年1月3日,嫦娥四号探测器成功着陆在月球背面艾特肯盆地冯·卡门撞击坑。

According to the China National Space Administration (CNSA), the lander has worked for more than 300 days, far beyond its design life, while the rover has traveled more than 300 meters despite the complexity of the topography on the far side of the moon.国家航天局表示,截至目前,嫦娥四号在月球背面的工作时长已超过300天,远远超出设计寿命;“玉兔二号”巡视器克服月背复杂地形等障碍,行驶里程也已超过300米,实现了“双三百”的突破。

在2018年发射并部署在地-月拉格朗日2点的“鹊桥”号中继星支持下,嫦娥四号着陆器与“玉兔二号”巡视器分别开展了就位探测和巡视勘察,取得了一系列重要的科学发现成果,其中包括:

It has acquired geographic information on, among others, the topography, structure and composition of the landing area.获取了着陆区形貌、构造、成分等地质信息。

It has also made discoveries of rock which are of great scientific value for revealing the geographic evolution of the South Pole-Aitken Basin and early evolutionary history of the lunar crust.获得对揭示艾特肯盆地地质演化乃至月壳早期演化历史等科学问题具有重要价值的发现。

In addition, the mission has collected a lot of data and initial findings in areas such as neutral atoms, neutrons on the lunar surface and low-frequency radio spectrums.在中性原子、月表中子与辐射剂量及低频射电频谱等领域获取了大量数据,并取得了初步分析结果。

嫦娥五号计划明年发射

Chang'e-5 is scheduled to be launched next year and is expected to bring back samples from the moon.嫦娥五号计划明年发射,并实现月面采样返回。

携号转网 mobile number portability

China launched a mobile number portability program across the country Wednesday, allowing cellphone subscribers to switch service carriers without changing phone numbers, according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology.工信部11月27日宣布在全国推出携号转网服务,手机用户可以在不换号码的情况下更换电信服务运营商。

所谓“携号转网”,就是号码可携带、移机不改号,手机用户可以在不换号码的情况下更换不同的基础电信运营商,原手机号码继续保留,在英语里一般用mobile number portability表示,也可以更直观地说switch telecom networks without changing number。

2018年12月1日,天津、海南、江西、湖北、云南五省(市)率先进行携号转网试运行。

As of Nov 26, about 3.16 million subscribers have completed number porting in five pilot provincial-level regions, showed MIIT data.工信部的数据显示,截止11月26日,试运行的五省市约有316万用户完成携号转网。

试运行期间,不少想携号转网的用户遇到了一些“门槛”和问题。比如,“在网协议”没到期怎么办?靓号转出有无特殊要求?……针对社会普遍关注的问题,工信部、运营商及业内专家进行回应。

“在网协议”没到期怎么办?

手机号已绑定的套餐业务尚在运行(ongoing mobile phone plans),手机与家庭宽带捆绑的优惠套餐(special offers covering mobile phone plan and internet service)仍然有效,有“亲情号(family plans)”,视频通话(video call)等业务未取消……很多用户在转网时遇到诸如此类的“门槛”。

三家运营商在启动大会上表示,协议有效期限的问题均已调整。“在网协议”也将更加透明公开(more transparent deals),并将及时向用户说明不能转网的具体原因,提供便捷的办理途径(easier access to mobile number portability program)。

靓号转出有无特殊要求?

一些用户反映,因购买靓号(auspicious mobile phone numbers)使得携号转网受到制约——或要等到合约期满,或要支付违约金。

运营商回应称,没有针对靓号携出提出额外要求(no extra procedure needed for such numbers),只要到了在网协议期限就不受影响。

哪些渠道可以办理?

根据运营商公布的实施细则,目前用户办理携号转网,需要提前发送短信查询资格、申请授权码(authorization code),凭借授权码和有效证件到携入方营业厅办理。如申请方不符合转网条件,需办理业务解绑(cancel existing mobile phone plans),符合条件后才能携出。

国家医保药品目录 the catalog of medicines covered by national medical insurance system

国家医疗保障局11月28日召开新闻发布会表示,70个新药被纳入国家医保药品目录,价格平均下降了60.7%。

Eight domestically-produced medicines that are seen as "major innovations" and have just hit the market in recent years are among the new additions to the catalog of medicines covered by national medical insurance system, said the National Healthcare Security Administration (NHSA) at a press conference.国家医疗保障局在新闻发布会上表示,新增医保药品目录中包括8个近年来上市的国产重大创新药品。

【知识点】

国家医保药品目录(the catalog of medicines covered by national medical insurance system)是基本医疗保险(basic medical insurance)、工伤保险(work-related injury insurance)和生育保险(maternity insurance)基金支付药品费用的标准。目录所列西药部分(western medicine)、中成药部分(Chinese patent medicine)、协议期内谈判药品部分(catalogued medicine for renewal)和中药饮片部分(prepared ready-for-use traditional Chinese medicine)所列药品为基本医疗保险、工伤保险和生育保险基金准予支付费用的药品。

据悉,本轮国家医保目录调整谈判共涉及150个药品(the latest round of negotiations targeted 150 medicines),包括119个新增谈判药品(119 new additions to the negotiation)和31个续约谈判药品(31 existing ones for renewal)。119个新增谈判药品谈成70个,价格平均下降60.7%。其中,肿瘤、糖尿病等治疗用药的降幅平均在65%左右。31个续约药品谈成27个,价格平均下降26.4%。

国家医保局医药服务管理司司长熊先军说,

Some drugmakers have provided the lowest prices in the world for Chinese patients.部分药品生产方给中国患者开出了全球最低价。

It is estimated that due to major price cuts resulting from negotiations and reimbursement from the national medical insurance system, the out-of-pocket amounts paid by patients will drop by between 80 and 95 percent.保守估计,通过谈判降价和医保报销,总体上患者个人负担将降至原来的20%以下,个别药品降至5%以下。

The updated list now contains 2,709 drugs, 64 more than the original version released in 2017.本次更新后的药品目录共收录药品2709个,与2017年版相比,净增64个。

新版药品目录将从2020年1月1日期实行。

(中国日报网英语点津 Helen)

来源:中国日报网

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