国际热点 | 土耳其开始对叙利亚的库尔德武装发动进攻

整合 | 周梓洛 黄子洋

>> 白宫拒绝配合特朗普的弹劾调查

>> 土耳其开始对叙利亚的库尔德武装发动进攻

>> 美国最高法院拒绝受理亚马逊仓库工人的薪酬诉讼

>>四年前希腊破产，现在投资者正支付以借钱

>>在德国犹太教堂附近发生的现场袭击中，两人丧生，涉嫌枪手被捕

>>彼得·汉德克和奥尔加·托卡丘克获得诺贝尔文学奖

>>日本台风“海贝思”留下死亡及破坏惨态，修复工作随之展开

>>激进的气候变化抗议席卷欧洲主要城市和澳大利亚，三百多人被捕

01

政治

White House refuses to cooperate with 'partisan and unconstitutional' impeachment inquiry

白宫拒绝配合特朗普的弹劾调查

@ The Telegraph,9 Oct,2019

The White House declared it will halt any and all cooperation with what it termed the "illegitimate" impeachment probe by House Democrats, sharpening the clash between President Donald Trump and Congress.

Trump attorneys on Tuesday sent a lengthy letter to House leaders bluntly stating White House refusal to participate in the inquiry by previous release of a whistleblower's complaint that the president sought to dig up dirt on Democratic rival Joe Biden in Ukraine and other countries in the name of foreign policy.

The White House is objecting that the House has not voted to begin an impeachment investigation into Trump. It also claims that Trump's due process rights are being violated.

That means no additional witnesses under administration purview will be permitted to appear in front of Congress or comply with document requests, a senior official said.

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi has insisted the House is well within its rules to conduct oversight of the executive branch under the Constitution regardless of a formal impeachment inquiry vote.

"Mr. President, you are not above the law," Pelosi said in a statement Tuesday night. "You will be held accountable."

The president himself is sticking with the same Trump-as-victim rhetoric he has used for more than a year.

Early Tuesday, Trump escalated his fight with Congress by blocking Gordon Sondland, the U.S. European Union ambassador, from testifying behind closed doors about the president's dealings with Ukraine.

The House followed up Tuesday afternoon with subpoenas for Sondland's testimony and records.

白宫宣布，将停止与众议院民主党人关于“非法”弹劾调查的任何合作，这加剧了总统特朗普与国会之间的冲突。

特朗普的律师周二向众议院领导人发出了一封长信，直截了当地表示白宫拒绝参与调查。先前一名举报人投诉称，总统试图以外交政策的名义挖出民主党对手拜登在乌克兰和其他国家的丑闻。

白宫反对众议院在没有投票的情况下对特朗普展开弹劾调查，并声明特朗普的正当程序权利受到了侵犯。

一名高级官员说，这意味着政府权限内的其他证人将不被允许出现在国会或遵守文件要求。

众议院议长佩洛西坚持认为，无论弹劾调查是否进行过正式投票，众议院都有权在宪法规定的范围内对行政部门进行监督。

佩洛西星期二晚上发表声明说:“总统先生，你不能凌驾于法律之上”“你将被追究责任。”

总统自己仍然坚持一年多来一直使用的说法——“特朗普是受害者”。

周二早些时候，特朗普阻止美国驻欧盟大使戈登·桑德兰就总统与乌克兰的交易进行闭门作证，从而加剧了他与国会的斗争。

随后，众议院于周二下午查阅了桑德兰的证词和记录。

Turkey begins offensive against Kurdish fighters in Syria

土耳其开始对叙利亚的库尔德武装发动进攻

@ ABC News,9 Oct ,2019

Turkey launched airstrikes, fired artillery and began a ground offensive against Kurdish fighters in northern Syria on Wednesday after U.S. troops pulled back from the area.

Turkey struck at least six different border towns along a 300-kilometer stretch. At least seven civilians and three members of the Syrian Democratic Forces were killed in the Turkish bombardment, Kurdish activists and a Syria war monitor said.

Erdogan called the offensive "Fountain of Peace". He said the operation, which targeted the Kurds and Daesh, aimed to establish a "safe zone" in northeastern Syria.

Turkey has long threatened to attack the Kurdish fighters that Ankara considers terrorists allied with a Kurdish insurgency in Turkey.

After Erdogan announced the offensive, Trump called the operation "a bad idea" ,but his earlier withdrawal was seen as facilitating the Turkish offensive.

German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas condemned the offensive, saying it will "further destabilize the region and strengthen IS." The operation also was criticized by European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker.

Syria's Foreign Ministry condemned Turkey's military strike, calling it a "blatant violation" of international law and vowing to repel the incursion.

The SDF has warned that a Turkish incursion might lead to the resurgence of the extremists.

在美军撤离后，土耳其于周三在叙利亚北部进行空袭、投掷炮弹并对库尔德武装发动了地面进攻。

土耳其沿着300公里长的边境线，袭击了至少六个不同的边境城镇。库尔德活动人士和叙利亚战争观察员说，至少有七名平民和三名叙利亚民主军成员在土耳其的轰炸中丧生。

埃尔多安将这次进攻称为“和平之源”。他说，这次行动的打击对象是库尔德武装和“伊斯兰国”恐怖分子，目的是在叙利亚东北部建立一个“安全区”。

土耳其长期以来一直威胁要打击库尔德武装。安卡拉认为这些库尔德人是恐怖分子，与土耳其内部叛乱的库尔德工人党有联系。

埃尔多安宣布进攻后，特朗普称这次行动 “是个坏主意”，而之前他的撤军行为被认为是给土耳其的进攻提供便利。

德国外交大臣海克斯·马斯谴责了土耳其的军事行动，称它将“进一步破坏该地区的稳定并壮大伊斯兰国势力”。欧盟委员会主席容克也批评了该行动。

叙利亚外交部对土耳其的军事进攻表示谴责，称土耳其的行为是“公然违反”国际法，并誓言要抵制这一入侵。

库尔德武装警告说，土耳其的入侵可能会导致极端分子的死灰复燃。

02

经济

US Supreme Court Rejects Amazon Warehouse Worker Wage Appeal

美国最高法院拒绝受理亚马逊仓库工人的薪酬诉讼

@ BLOOMBERG, 7 Oct, 2019

The US Supreme Court on Monday declined to hear Amazon.com's bid to avoid a lawsuit seeking to ensure that warehouse workers for the e-commerce giant get paid for the time it takes them to go through extensive post-shift security screenings.

A group of Amazon warehouse workers who package and ship merchandise filed a proposed class action lawsuit in 2010 against the contractor, Integrity Staffing Solutions, which provides some of the hourly employees for Amazon.

The workers sought compensation for submitting to what they called mandatory "post-9/11 type of airport security" screenings that are aimed at preventing employee theft. The workers have said the screening takes around 25 minutes to complete.

Amazon called the plaintiffs' description of the protocol "grossly inaccurate" in court papers.

In its 2014, ruling in the case, the Supreme Court decided that under a 1947 law that amended the federal Fair Labour Standards Act, companies do not have to pay employees for the time they spend undergoing security checks.

The workers subsequently pressed their allegations under state law and added Amazon as a defendant. The case was consolidated with similar>A judge there dismissed the case, citing the 2014 Supreme Court ruling, since Nevada wage laws track their federal counterparts. However, the Cincinnati, Ohio-based 6th US Circuit Court of Appeals in 2018 overturned that decision.Now the Supreme Court revived the workers' claims under Nevada state law.

美国联邦最高法院周一拒绝受理亚马逊公司提起的诉讼。该诉讼旨在确保这家电子商务巨头的仓库工人获得报酬——这是他们因接受额外的安全检查耗费时间而应得的。

2010年，一群负责包装和运输商品的亚马逊仓库工人对承包商Integrity Staffing Solutions提起了集体诉讼，该公司为亚马逊提供了一些小时工。

工人要求获得赔偿，因为他们被要求接受所谓的“后9·11时期机场安全检查”——目的是防止员工盗窃。工人们说，这项检查大约需要耗费25分钟。

对此，亚马逊在法庭文件中称，原告对协议的描述“非常不准确”。

最高法院于2014年对此案作出裁决，根据1947年修订的联邦《公平劳工标准法》，公司不必为雇员花在接受安全检查上的时间付钱。

工人们随后根据州法律对该承包商提起诉讼，并将亚马逊也列为被告。该案与肯塔基州联邦法院受理的类似案件合并审理。

当时有法官以2014年最高法院的裁决为依据驳回了这起案件，因为内华达州的工资法遵循了联邦的相应法律。而在2018年，总部位于俄亥俄州辛辛那提的第六巡回上诉法院推翻了这一裁决。如今，最高法院的判决恢复了内华达州法律对工人工资的规定。

Greece was broke four years ago. Now investors are paying to lend it money

四年前希腊破产，现在投资者正支付以借钱

@ CNN, 10 Oct, 2019

London (CNN Business)----Just four years ago, Greece was on the verge of crashing out of the euro because it was broke and reluctant to accept the terms of a bailout to plug the gaping hole in its finances. Now, investors are effectively paying the country for the privilege of lending it money.

Now it seems the reforms are paying off, helped by negative interest rates in Europe and bond-buying by the European Central Bank that has stimulated economic growth.

Some analysts say that negative yields in Greece do not signal increased demand from foreign investors.Some of the world's most powerful central banks have pushed interest rates into negative territory in order to spur growth.

Yet there are also concerns about the effects of negative rates. Some say they punish savers, inflate asset bubbles and benefit the wealthy. Many economists argue that increased spending by governments would be a more effective way to stimulate growth.

仅仅在四年前，希腊就濒临崩溃，因为它已经破产并且不愿接受救助条款以填补其财务上的巨大缺口。现在，投资者正在有效地使用向国家支付贷款的特权。

希腊周三出售了4.875亿欧元（5.37亿美元）的债券，收益率为-0.02％。对于一个需要历史上最大规模救助并看到其政府债务峰值超过GDP的180％的国家而言，这是一个戏剧性的转折。

现在看来，由于欧洲的负利率和刺激经济增长的欧洲中央银行的债券购买，改革似乎正在取得成果。

部分分析人士说，希腊的负收益率并不表示外国投资者的需求增加。为了刺激经济增长，一些世界上最强大的中央银行已将利率推低至负数。

然而，人们也担心负利率的影响。有人说，他们惩罚储户，夸大资产泡沫并使富人受益。许多经济学家认为，政府增加支出将是刺激增长的更有效方法。

03

社会

Suspected gunman arrested after two killed in livestreamed attack near German synagogue

在德国犹太教堂附近发生的现场袭击中，两人丧生，涉案持枪嫌疑人被捕

@ CNN, 9 Oct , 2019

A gunman in an eastern German town has killed two people and injured several others in a suspected antisemitic rampage on the holiest day of the Jewish calendar.

One woman was killed close to a synagogue in the town of Halle around midday on Wednesday, and another man was fatally shot outside a kebab shop around 600 meters away.

A 35-minute video posted online platform Twitch, appeared to have been filmed by a camera mounted on the helmet of the attacker.

German authorities have arrested a 27-year-old man identified only as Stephan B over the attack.

The German Federal Prosecutors office told CNN that the attack appeared to have been motivated by "extreme far-right and antisemitic" views. In the 35-minute video, believed to have been filmed by the suspected gunman, a man is heard launching into an anti-Semitic rant and claiming that the Holocaust never happened.

在犹太历法的最神圣的一天，一名德国东部小镇的枪手疑似出于反犹太主义，横冲直撞地杀死了2人，并炸伤了多人。星期三中午时分，一名妇女在哈勒镇的一座犹太教堂附近被杀，另一名男子在约600米外的一家烤肉店外被枪杀。

有一个长达35分钟的袭击视频被发布于在线平台Twitch上，该视频疑似是由攻击者通过安装在头盔上的摄像机拍摄的。

在这次袭击中，德国当局逮捕了一名仅被识别为斯蒂芬·B的27岁男子。

德国联邦检察官办公室告诉美国有线电视新闻网，这次袭击似乎是出于“极右翼和反犹太主义”的观点。在据信由嫌疑枪手拍摄的长达35分钟的视频中，我们可以听到一个男子咆哮着发表反犹太主义观点，并声称大屠杀从未发生。

袭击事件发生后，德国总理安格拉·默克尔和其他世界领导人谴责了这次袭击事件，并对反犹太主义表示强烈反对。

Nobel Prizes in Literature awarded to Peter Handke and Olga Tokarczuk

彼得·汉德克和奥尔加·托卡丘克获得诺贝尔文学奖

@ CNN , 11 Oct , 2019

The 2019 Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded to Austrian author Peter Handke, while the 2018 award, postponed from last year, was given to Polish author Olga Tokarczuk.

Handke won the award "for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity has explored the periphery and the specificity of human experience."

He has become "one of the most influential writers in Europe after the Second World War," according to the Nobel committee.

The literary organization PEN America said in a statement that it was "dumbfounded" by the decision to honor a writer "who has used his public voice to undercut historical truth and offer public succor to perpetrators of genocide."

Tokarczuk, meanwhile, won the 2018 award "for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life."

Two prizes were awarded this year after the 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature was postponed in the wake of a sexual and financial scandal that engulfed the Swedish Academy, the cultural institution responsible for awarding it. The decision did not affect the other Nobel prizes, which are awarded separately.

奥地利作家彼得·汉德克获得了2019年诺贝尔文学奖，而波兰作家奥尔加·托卡丘克获得了从去年推迟的2018年诺贝尔文学奖。

汉德克荣获“凭借语言独创性探索了人类经验的边界和特殊性的有影响力的作品”奖。据诺贝尔委员会称，他已成为“第二次世界大战后欧洲最有影响力的作家之一”。

文学组织美国笔会在一份声明中表示，对表彰决定感到“目瞪口呆”，该作家“曾利用他的公众声音来削弱历史真相，并向种族灭绝的罪犯提供公开援助。”

同时，托卡丘克赢得了2018年的奖项，“凭借叙事的想象力，用百科全书的热情将跨越边界作为一种生活形式。”

2018年诺贝尔文学奖因性丑闻和财政丑闻而推迟颁发，而负责颁发该奖的瑞典文学院也被卷入其中。之后，今年又颁发了两个奖项。这一决定并没有影响到其他的诺贝尔奖，它们是分别颁发的。

Recovery begins as Japan's Typhoon Hagibis leaves trail of death and destruction

日本台风“海贝思”留下死亡及破坏惨态，修复工作随之展开

@ CNN，13 Oct，2019

Tokyo (CNN)----Typhoon Hagibis weakened to a tropical depression as it continued to move across central Japan on Sunday,leaving at least 15 people dead and more than 140 injured in its wake.

The storm made landfall just before 7 p.m. More than 230,000 people were evacuated ahead of the storm, with emergency orders issued for many cities around the greater Tokyo area.

Prime Minister Shinzo Abe offered his "condolences for the people killed in the disaster and my sincere sympathy for the people affected by this disaster......We are to enhance the scale of operation depending on necessity."

Evacuation advisories had been issued throughout much of the Tokyo region as the typhoon approached Japan's main Honshu island, affecting tens of millions of people.

There were widespread transport disruptions Saturday, with flights, bullet trains and other transport canceled across Honshu.Tokyo's Haneda and Narita airports were back in operation midday Sunday, but many flights remained canceled.

However as many as 212,500 households in storm-affected areas remained without power on Sunday afternoon,power companies said.

台风“海贝思”在周日继续穿越日本中部时减弱为热带低压，造成至少15人死亡，140多人受伤。

暴风雨于下午7点前登陆。暴风雨来临前，已有超过23万人被疏散，（政府）针对大东京地区许多城市发布了紧急命令。

安倍晋三首相表示，“对在这场灾难中丧生的人民表示哀悼，并对遭受这场灾难影响的人民表示诚挚的慰问......我们将根据需要扩大行动规模。”

当台风接近日本主要的本州岛时，疏散咨询已经在东京大部分地区被发布出来，影响了数千万人。

周六交通大规模中断，本州取消了航班，高速火车和其他交通工具的正常运营。东京的羽田机场和成田机场周日中午恢复运营，但许多航班仍被取消。

电力公司说，在周日下午，风暴影响地区的多达212,500户家庭仍然没有电。

04

环境

Aggressive climate change protests hit major cities in Europe, Australia, more than 300 arrested

激进的气候变化抗议席卷欧洲主要城市和澳大利亚，三百多人被捕

@Fox Newus，8 Oct，2019

A group of extreme climate change activists around the globe has brought parts of London, France, Germany, and Australia to a standstill as they aggressively push politicians to cut carbon emissions.

In London alone, the actions of the Extinction Rebellion group led to 319 arrests and prompted British Prime Minister Boris Johnson to call the group "uncooperative crusties."

Climate protesters in Australia and New Zealand also blocked roads, entered banks and energy companies on Monday. In Sydney, police were seen dragging elderly people and men in suits through the crowds as massive groups blocked roads in and out of the city. In all, police in Australia arrested about 30 people.

In Britain, the aim of the group is to force the country to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions to net-zero by 2025. Currently, Britain's target is 2050.

This isn't the first time there was a mass arrest in London over climate change. In April, the city was brought to a standstill after the same group caused havoc for three days in a row, climbing and gluing themselves on subway trains to prompt road closures. The group was also responsible for a naked protest in the British Parliament.

在全球范围内，大批极端气候变化抗议者通过激进示威逼迫政界人士削减碳排放，从而使伦敦、法国、德国和澳大利亚的部分地区陷入停滞。

仅在伦敦，“灭绝叛乱”组织的行动就导致319人被捕。英国首相鲍里斯·约翰逊称该组织为“不肯合作、乱丢垃圾的无理取闹者”。

周一，澳大利亚和新西兰的气候抗议者也封锁了道路，并闯入银行和能源公司进行示威。在悉尼，由于庞大的示威人群封锁了进出城市的道路，人们看到警察将穿着西装进行抗议的老年人和男子拖出人群。澳大利亚警方共逮捕了大约30人。

在英国，该组织的目标是迫使政府同意在2025年实现温室气体零排放，而英国当前的目标是2050年。

这不是伦敦第一次因气候变化抗议而发生大规模逮捕行动。今年4月，伦敦由于同一个组织的连续三天抗议活动而遭受巨大破坏，城市运行陷入停滞。抗议者们爬上地铁并牢牢贴在上面，导致道路封闭。该组织还宣布对英国议会途中发生的一场毫不掩饰的抗议活动负责。

版面编辑 | 张丁源

责任编辑 | 余 昉